Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)

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link_hover_color=”#c0c479″ animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”top-into-view”]Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons[/fusion_title][fusion_text columns=”1″ column_min_width=”100px” column_spacing=”2em” rule_size=”1″ content_alignment_small=”center” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” margin_bottom=”0″ fusion_font_family_text_font=”Montserrat” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”500″ font_size=”20px” line_height=”1.7″ letter_spacing=”0″ text_transform=”var(–awb-typography4-text-transform)” text_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.85)” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”top-into-view”]

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) prohibits the use, possession, testing, and transfer of nuclear weapons.

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20 September 2017

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The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) is a monumental international agreement amongst states that seeks to prohibit the use, possession, testing, and transfer of nuclear weapons. The treaty also contains a robust framework for assisting victims of nuclear weapons use and testing and remediating contaminated environments.

Since the advent of nuclear weapons, the international community has pursued efforts to address these threats. In the 2010s, pressure to outlaw nuclear weapons accelerated, especially with the Humanitarian Initiative at the 2015 NPT Review Conference, which sought a formal disarmament process but failed to reach consensus despite the endorsement of 160 states. The UN General Assembly then established an open-ended working group (OEWG) to explore a legal framework for nuclear abolition. The OEWG’s recommendation to pursue a legal instrument led to the establishment of the TPNW.

After a series of negotiations, the TPNW was formally adopted on 7 July 2017, with all nuclear-weapon states and their allies boycotting the meetings. Per Article 15, the TPNW entered into force on 22 January 2021, when Honduras ratified the treaty, becoming the fiftieth state to do so. The adoption of the TPNW places nuclear weapons in the same category as other weapons of mass destruction, such as chemical or biological weapons. As of August, 2024, 70 states have ratified or acceded to the treaty in an effort to delegitimize the possession of nuclear weapons, and pave the way for their abolition. Another 28 states have signed, but have yet to ratify the treaty. All nuclear weapons states and most of their military allies have not yet joined the treaty.

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last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_title title_type=”text” marquee_direction=”left” marquee_speed=”15000″ rotation_effect=”bounceIn” display_time=”1200″ highlight_effect=”circle” loop_animation=”off” highlight_width=”9″ highlight_top_margin=”0″ title_link=”off” link_target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” content_align=”left” size=”div” fusion_font_family_title_font=”Montserrat” fusion_font_variant_title_font=”600″ font_size=”20px” line_height=”1.7″ letter_spacing=”0″ text_transform=”var(–awb-typography2-text-transform)” text_color=”#670d04″ text_shadow=”no” text_shadow_blur=”0″ text_stroke=”no” text_stroke_size=”1″ text_overflow=”none” margin_top_small=”10px” margin_right_small=”0px” margin_bottom_small=”10px” margin_left_small=”0px” margin_top=”0″ margin_right=”0px” margin_bottom=”5px” margin_left=”0px” gradient_font=”no” gradient_start_position=”0″ 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[/fusion_title][fusion_text columns=”1″ column_min_width=”100px” column_spacing=”2em” rule_size=”1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” margin_bottom=”0″ margin_left=”0″ fusion_font_family_text_font=”Montserrat” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”500″ font_size=”15px” line_height=”1.5″ letter_spacing=”0″ text_transform=”var(–awb-typography4-text-transform)” text_color=”rgba(12,14,1,0.8)” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”top-into-view”]

The TPNW contains a variety of provisions designed to prohibit and delegitimize all activities associated with nuclear weapons. As part of its mission to fortify the nuclear non-proliferation regime, Article 12 of the TPNW states that “Each State Party shall encourage States, not party to this Treaty to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty, with the goal of universal adherence of all States to the Treaty.” Under this article, States Parties are required to take steps to encourage other States to join the treaty – with the ultimate goal of bringing all state members of the United Nations on board.

Positive Obligations

Articles 6 and 7 of the TPNW focus on victim assistance, environmental remediation, and international cooperation. These articles are known as “positive obligations”, since they are distinct from the treaty’s prohibitions, and seek to compel proactive humanitarian measures.

State parties must provide comprehensive assistance to individuals affected by the use or testing of nuclear weapons, including medical care, rehabilitation, and psychological support. The treaty also mandates the remediation of environments contaminated by nuclear weapons use or testing, requiring state parties to undertake effective measures to clean up radioactive pollution and restore affected areas. To facilitate these efforts, the TPNW encourages international cooperation and assistance, allowing state parties to share expertise, provide financial support, and offer technical aid to fulfill these obligations.

Since the implementation of the TPNW, many states have embarked on collective efforts to finally compensate for decades of nuclear weapons-related harm. The Vienna Action Plan, drafted at the first Meeting of States Parties, affirmed the states’ commitment to positive obligations. Several states, such as Fiji, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Kiribati, have implemented victim assistance programs. In addition, the UN Human Rights Council has pursued further remediation for the damage caused by nuclear weapons, notably in the case of United States’ testing on the Marshall Islands.

These articles are key in achieving the treaty’s humanitarian objectives and should be interpreted in light of other humanitarian disarmament treaties and international humanitarian law, notably the principles of nondiscrimination, inclusivity, accessibility, and transparency.

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filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” motion_effects=”W10=” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_type=”fade” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”1.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”top-into-view” last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_title title_type=”text” marquee_direction=”left” marquee_speed=”15000″ rotation_effect=”bounceIn” display_time=”1200″ highlight_effect=”circle” loop_animation=”off” highlight_width=”9″ highlight_top_margin=”0″ title_link=”off” link_target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” content_align=”left” size=”div” fusion_font_family_title_font=”Montserrat” fusion_font_variant_title_font=”600″ font_size=”20px” line_height=”1.7″ letter_spacing=”0″ text_transform=”var(–awb-typography2-text-transform)” text_color=”#670d04″ text_shadow=”no” text_shadow_blur=”0″ text_stroke=”no” text_stroke_size=”1″ text_overflow=”none” margin_top_small=”10px” margin_right_small=”0px” margin_bottom_small=”10px” margin_left_small=”0px” margin_top=”0″ margin_right=”0px” margin_bottom=”5px” margin_left=”0px” gradient_font=”no” gradient_start_position=”0″ 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[/fusion_title][fusion_text columns=”1″ column_min_width=”100px” column_spacing=”2em” rule_size=”1″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” margin_bottom=”0″ margin_left=”0″ fusion_font_family_text_font=”Montserrat” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”500″ font_size=”15px” line_height=”1.5″ letter_spacing=”0″ text_transform=”none” text_color=”rgba(12,14,1,0.8)” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”top-into-view”]

NAPF has been closely involved with the TPNW, from its conceptualization to its entry into force. We work closely with states and NGOs to strengthen the treaty and bolster its implementation. Policy and Advocacy Coordinator, Christian N. Ciobanu serves in an advisory capacity to the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kirabati. Furthermore, NAPF consistently participates in TPNW-associated conferences, including the Second Meeting of States Parties that took place in November of 2023.

The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation works with States Parties, NGO colleagues, and diplomats to encourage States not yet party to the treaty to sign and accede to the TPNW (per Article 12). We also engage in disarmament educational initiatives in order to raise public consciousness about the TPNW. Raising awareness about the treaty both with the public and through our youth initiatives in particular is critical to our efforts to shift the discourse on nuclear weapons towards one focused on achieving a world free of nuclear weapons.

[/fusion_text][fusion_images order_by=”desc” picture_size=”auto” hover_type=”zoomin” autoplay=”no” flex_align_items=”center” columns=”4″ column_spacing=”10″ scroll_items=”” show_nav=”no” mouse_scroll=”no” border=”no” lightbox=”no” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” caption_style=”dany” caption_title_tag=”3″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”Plus Jakarta Sans” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”600″ caption_title_size=”30px” caption_title_line_height=”1.24em” caption_title_letter_spacing=”0.0015em” caption_title_transform=”capitalize” caption_title_color=”#ffffff” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” caption_background_color=”#000000″ fusion_font_family_caption_text_font=”Plus Jakarta Sans” fusion_font_variant_caption_text_font=”500″ caption_text_size=”18px” caption_text_line_height=”1.3em” caption_text_letter_spacing=”0.0015em” 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image=”https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/UN_Ivana_March2025-e1741437106655-905×628.jpg” image_id=”28909|medium” image_title=”NAPF’s statement at the 3MSP” image_caption=” ” link=”https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/napf-statement-at-3msp-to-the-tpnw/” linktarget=”_blank” alt=”” /][/fusion_images][fusion_images order_by=”desc” picture_size=”auto” hover_type=”zoomin” autoplay=”no” flex_align_items=”center” columns=”4″ column_spacing=”10″ show_nav=”no” mouse_scroll=”no” border=”no” lightbox=”no” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” caption_style=”dany” caption_title_tag=”3″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”Plus Jakarta Sans” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”600″ caption_title_size=”30px” caption_title_line_height=”1.24em” caption_title_letter_spacing=”0.0015em” caption_title_transform=”capitalize” caption_title_color=”#ffffff” caption_background_color=”#cdf271″ fusion_font_family_caption_text_font=”Plus 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image=”https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/2MSP_TPNW-Positive-Obligations-11.27_Ivana-scaled-e1725466257276.jpg” image_id=”23944|full” image_title=”2MSP Adopts a Powerful Declaration ” link=”https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/second-meeting-of-states-parties-to-the-tpnw-adopts-a-powerful-declaration/” linktarget=”_blank” /][/fusion_images][fusion_images order_by=”desc” picture_size=”auto” hover_type=”zoomin” autoplay=”no” flex_align_items=”center” columns=”4″ column_spacing=”10″ show_nav=”no” mouse_scroll=”no” border=”no” lightbox=”no” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” caption_style=”dany” caption_title_tag=”3″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”Plus Jakarta Sans” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”600″ caption_title_size=”30px” caption_title_line_height=”1.24em” caption_title_letter_spacing=”0.0015em” caption_title_transform=”capitalize” caption_title_color=”#ffffff” caption_background_color=”#cdf271″ 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link=”https://thehill.com/opinion/international/3922021-the-us-and-russia-must-join-the-treaty-to-ban-nuclear-weapons-for-the-children/” linktarget=”_blank” /][fusion_image image=”https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_5347-2-scaled-e1725466139431.jpg” image_id=”23920|full” image_title=”ICAN” link=”https://www.icanw.org/” linktarget=”_blank” /][/fusion_images][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)

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