Category: Nuclear Disarmament

  • NAPF Team Attends DC Lobby Days

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    NAPF team on The Hill (from left to right): Ryan Rowe, Christian Ciobanu, Grahm Tuohy-Gaydos, Harris Agha, James Spindler, Ivana Nikolić Hughes.

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    On Thursday, July 13, the NAPF team, consisting of our President Ivana Nikolić Hughes, our Policy and Advocacy Coordinator Christian Ciobanu, and four of our wonderful summer interns (Harris Agha, Ryan Rowe, James Spindler, Grahm Tuohy-Gaydos) visited Capitol Hill to engage with Congressional staff on nuclear disarmament. We joined a group of other activists lobbying specifically for Bill H.R. 2775 by Representative Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC), which calls for the US to sign and ratify the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) and to divert current spending on nuclear weapons to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The represented groups, including Nuclear Ban Treaty US, are a part of a new coalition, Warheads to Windmills. We were also pleased to engage with staffers on broader nuclear disarmament issues and to educate them both about the imperative of nuclear abolition, as well as the current status of the TPNW and processes underway to universalize and implement the treaty.

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    With Bryce Causey (Office of Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez) and colleagues from ICAN, Nuclear Ban Treaty US, and CodePink.

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    Team outside of Senator Elizabeth Warren’s office.

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    Christian Ciobanu with United States Capitol in the background.

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    James, Harris, and Grahm in the Cannon House.

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    Waiting for a meeting in Congressman Salud Carbajal’s office.

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    There are tunnels between buildings on Capitol Hill!

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    James is looking for the right office!

    [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

  • Article on Nuclear Sharing in Truthout

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    Read our President’s latest op-ed on why nuclear sharing – both Russia’s and the U.S.’s – has to end. The article was published in Truthout and can be found HERE.

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  • Talk World Radio on the imperative of nuclear abolition

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    Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes recently had the opportunity to speak with David Swanson, the executive director of World Beyond War and campaign coordinator for RootsAction.org. The discussion was part of David’s show on Talk World Radio. Watch this important conversation on nuclear weapons, what they did and can do, and why they have to go.

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  • Richard Falk on Daniel Ellsberg in CounterPunch

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filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″]https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2016_symposium_participants.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=””]

    Daniel Ellsberg (chair on the left) with NAPF friends and family, including Richard Falk, in 2016.

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    The following essay first appeared in CounterPunch on June 23, 2023

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    Celebrating an Extraordinary American Life: Daniel Ellsberg

    Points of Departure

    Daniel Ellsberg’s death like his life occurred with flair and purpose. Dan (a cherished fried for more than 65 years) had taken the unusual step of sharing with the world the deeply personal news that he had only a few months to live, and even less to be active, as he was diagnosed as suffering from inoperable pancreatic cancer. It was clear that Dan was not seeking pity or adulation by the release of this sad news. His obvious purpose of such a public message was to let be known to all who care that he would continue to devote his energy as long as he could to the struggle to make the world less prone to nuclear mega-catastrophes. Dan firmly believed that we humans are living at a unique time of ominous global danger, and he felt the urgency of action. This inspirational message personified Daniel Ellsberg’s special human qualities of belief, courage, and commitment that made him a heroic figure for so many of us. And Dan’s love of life and people made him far more humanly lovable than if he had confined himself to being an austere political crusader.

    I had the opportunity to have two long phone conversations at that fragile interface between Dan’s intense engagement with world history and the ravages of the disease, and found that Dan had lost none of his cerebral brilliance or weakened in his resolve to warn humanity of an increasingly imminent nuclear danger if geopolitics as usual continued on the path taken since the outbreak of the Ukraine War. Besides the warning, Dan also believed there many things of a political and technical nature could and should be done to reduce immediate risks. Yet his fundamental vision was to realize the imperative of safely achieving a denuncearized and demilitarized world.

    In our talks, Dan’s was preoccupied, in his relentlessly exhausting probing mental style to depict root causes, with an anguished awareness that the threat extinction was now present on the horizon of likely human futures. Dan wondered aloud as to whether the disasters he feared, would in fact result in the literal end of our species. He seemed to believe rather that unprecedented global catastrophes, such as ’nuclear winter’ would be devastating on a civilizational level and yet still leave as survivors a remnant of humanity. Dan was never content with vague generalities, but to get to the concrete bottom of things. In this spirit he went on to speculate as I recollect, ‘that likely 8 or 10% of humanity would survive, and that’s still a lot of people.’ Not that he envied the survivors, but he wanted to stress that dire as the situation was it should not be assumed to be an extinction event. It was through ‘the glass darkly’ of these grim reflections that he viewed the situation confronting humanity. These dark shadows, more than anything else, led Dan to lament the utter recklessness of Biden’s seeming resolve to engage in a geopolitical war with Russia and to teach Moscow and Putin a lesson in the aftermath of its aggressive, if provoked, attack against Ukraine.

    With news of Ellsberg’s imminent demise broadcast widely the mainstream media was finally awakened to write and interview him extensively, and generally sympathetically, about Dan’s life, focusing quite naturally on the drama and legacy of the 1971 release for publication in the NY Times and Washington Post of the Pentagon Papers, and how this ‘invention’ of whistleblowing left behind a precedent seized upon, whether knowingly or not, by others. Yet unlike these subsequent notable whistleblowers, Dan’s work did not cease with the disclosure of specific official dirty deeds hidden from the citizenry by secrecy regulations and dragnet espionage laws, but barely began. In the course of the next half century Dan distinguished himself as both a tireless activist and as an author producing two pedagogical memoirs of lasting value. [Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers (2003); The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner, 2017].

    Dan deserves all the praise he is receiving, and even more, yet I find that two major elements of his strikingly original mental and humanistic qualities have been so far largely missing in the many recent valuable assessments of his life and death. At most Dan’s unusual career journey from being a star consultant to the Pentagon and RAND on the Vietnam War and nuclear war plans to becoming a world renowned anti-nuclear activist who was arrested and imprisoned numerous times over the years, but little commentary on what made personal trajectory so remarkable, taking such courage, insight, persistence, and a truth-telling sense of mission. From my vantage point I will do my best to fill in this gap.

    Daniel Ellsberg’s Trajectory

    I first encountered Dan during 1957-58, a year we both at Harvard, he was already a rising star, making his name as a strategic wizard who even while a student was doing pioneering work in exploring the use of nuclear weapons as a potent weapon by which to threaten and blackmail adversaries, aside from its roles in preventing or fighting war.

    We had initially been brought together for a dinner by an engaging apolitical journalist who convinced me that I should meet Dan because we were in her judgment soulmates. How wrong, or at any rate, premature she was, as we sparred throughout the evening about Cold War issues and I regarded Dan as a gifted, but dangerous, ‘defense intellectual’ of the sort I would be later surrounded by in my early years at Princeton. Yet looking back on that mutually unpleasant evening, I now realize there was one element of Dan’s hawkishness that set him apart from his likeminded cohort, a quality that would a decade later be the bedrock of his highly congenial progressive behavior. He was already in 1958 as he was after he switched sides, someone who deeply enjoyed both friendship and comradery, based on consistent solidarity, believing deeply that he was doing the right thing. Later at Princeton when I had antagonistic contact with several leading defense intellectuals, I noted their careerist motivations and amoral, often cynically playful intellectuality that contrasted with Dan’s intense moral convictions that were his lifelong anchor, making him always a person driven by responsiveness to the dictates of conscience rather than of naked ambition or indulging a cavalier attitude of many leading ‘war thinkers’ toward the menace of nuclear war, perhaps to hide from the horror of it all.

    Endowed with an amazingly gifted, quirky mind and astonishing energy, Dan was further animated by an ardent passion to make a difference in all that he undertook. This lineage starts with his outstanding academic record from high school (and maybe earlier) through graduate school, reinforced ever after by performative excellence in whatever he chose to do.

    Even taking account of his mainstream Cold War outlook as a young man it was rather unusual for someone with his background, interests, and professional opportunities to seek enlistment in the U.S. Marines as Dan did in 1954, serving as a junior officer for several years including an overseas assignment in the Middle East during the Suez Operation, earning him a promotion by the time he de-enlisted. This military service was followed by a period as an influential consultant to Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense, who sent Dan to Vietnam in 1964 to evaluate U.S. so-called ‘civilian pacification programs’ (really killing machines at the village level) in order to advise him on the conduct of the war. This stint was followed by working for 18 months alongside Major Gen. Edward Lansdale, the most famous counterinsurgency specialist. Dan’s role included going on extremely risky combat patrols in Vietnamese jungles and remote villages. He would later talk about his growing doubts about the way the war was being fought and the suffering inflicted on the Vietnamese people, but was not ready to break with the U.S. policies in the Vietnam War. Yet again, Dan was motivated by doing the right thing. He reasoned, during his advising years, that even if the war was not going well or proved unwinnable, the U.S. campaign was benevolent, aiming at giving the Vietnamese a better life than they could expect under communism and being a justifiable part of an American military effort to prevent World War III by containing Sino-Soviet expansion in Asia. These were views that I never shared, and Dan would soon himself reject.

    Then came the remarkable change from his posture as an expert trying to figure out a winning strategy in Vietnam to a rejection of the whole undertaking, and thus in harmony with various strands of the growing Vietnamese peace movement. His disillusionment with the Vietnam War that intensified over time after he returned to the U.S. during a period when he continued working as a top consultant at the RAND corporation, then the prime venue of ‘war thinkers.’ In collaboration with my former Princeton graduate student, Tony Russo, another convert to radical anti-war activism due to what he experienced in Vietnam, especially in working on RAND’s prisoner interrogation program. It was in that alien militarist atmosphere at RAND that the pair spent their evenings copying the Pentagon Papers.

    Of course, copying itself was a daring act, given the highly classified character of many documents comprising the 3,000 pages of Pentagon material brought together in a classified study entitled “U.S. Decision Making in Vietnam Policy, 1945-68” on which Ellsberg had himself worked on briefly while an employee at the Department of Defense. The drama of arranging publication and the post-publication pushback by the Nixon presidency has received much commentary and is widely treated as the highlight of Dan’s turn toward activism.

    Dan became utterly convinced that the American people deserved to know that they had been lied to by their elected leaders for years about the progress in the war, as the war went on year after year and the casualty figures for Americans and Vietnamese rose higher and higher, but he had no appetite for martyrdom. The keystone of his initial effort was to make the copied documents discreetly available to anti-war Congressmen and trusted media platforms whom he felt had a constitutional duty to make public use of the Pentagon study in furtherance of the public interest. At first, he imposed a strict condition on those he handed the documents, including myself, that his identity as source not be disclosed. This condition was notoriously breached by Neal Sheehan of the NY Times, but Dan’s role was already known by the FBI in any event. I was visited by two agents at my home a few days after I received the Papers, before newspaper publishing began. Needless to say, I refused to cooperate.

    Again, Dan was determined to do the right thing, but prudently. Subsequently, this resolve was always centermost and without further second thoughts. Contrary to his earlier beliefs Dan grew convinced that the U.S. government definitely could not be counted on to do the right thing, and in fact was doing the wrong thing. At the same time, Dan steadfastly refrained from releasing material that would expose intelligence sources or impart inflammatory material to foreign adversaries.

    Special Qualities of Mind, Spirit, Dramatization, and Obsessive Dedication

    Moral Compass: What I mainly want to impart is through it all Dan impressively never lost trust in his moral compass or his political identity. He wanted to do the right thing always, and was willing, although not eager, to pay heavy costs for doing so, earning him high profile defamatory attacks from the likes of Kissinger and Nixon. Yet he remained an American patriot throughout his life, who drew vivid no-go lines in his mind when it came to anti-government activism and civil disobedience. Unlike many radical activists Dan knew the difference between civil disobedience (to the law) and espionage (against his country, as typified by those documents in among the Pentagon Papers he refused to release).

    Mastery reinforcing brilliance. Another notable feature in Dan’s way of taking political stands was his refusal to commit his illuminating energy until he had mastered a subject with penetrating, memorable precision. He spent his activist life on opposing the Vietnam War by every non-violent means at his disposal including insider knowledge and extensive field experience in combat zones. During the last several decades his concern mainly focused multi-faceted opposition to the way the U.S, government addressed risks of nuclear war with both the knowledge of a brilliant insider and someone who penetrated below the surface to uncover the terrifying nature of nuclear war plans.

    Dramatization of Knowledge and Action And finally, Dan had a natural disposition to dramatize knowledge and action that had the effect of maximizing the impact of whatever he undertook, whether in public or private. Without doubt, the saga of the Pentagon Papers is the most publicized drama of his life, but throughout, no other public intellectual was so publicly articulate and poised about why he was doing what he did. He once told me during the media frenzy after the Papers were finally released, “I wish I could always be the way I am on television.” For me, a scary prospect, for him, not a matter of vanity, but of an infection passion to make a difference by what he did, especially when his reputation or life were at risk.

    Love and Politics Well Mixed. As the outpouring of grief exhibits, Dan will be as remembered for his loving modes of relating to family, friends, and co-activists as for his political engagements, exploits, and achievements. Unlike many in the peace movement who were personally detached or narrowly focused on daunting political challenges, working with Dan was a warm, emotionally satisfying experience of someone that lived daily a belief in the transformative power of love whether for peace, justice, a good time, and a fulfilled life.

    Completing the Thoreau legacy

    Dan will be rightly long remembered for his seminal role in enriching the legacy of the anti-slave, anti-war civil disobedience associated with the work and life of the New England transandentalist, Henry David Thoreau (who exerted a major influence on Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Tolstoy). It was this courtly writer, poet, and wilderness seeker who by choosing jail over paying taxes funding government policies that struck him as deeply immoral gave to democratic governance an added vitality. As a private person Thoreau chose conscience over obedience to law as the most essential quality of citizenship, which is the golden thread that runs through the fabric of Dan’s rich and varied life.

    The release of the Pentagon Papers could be seen as Ellsberg’s dramatic enactment of Thoreau’s imperative, but taking the crucial and more dangerous form of whistleblowing about systemic governmental abuse of its unrestricted control of information by permissively classifying it as ‘secret.’ Dan never disputed the need for legitimate state secrets, but he acted to expose the misuse of secrecy by elected leaders to lie and mislead citizens on vital matters of war and peace in Vietnam and with respect to Pentagon planning for nuclear war. Balancing the governmental right to keep secrets against the rights of the citizenry to know the truth, especially on matters of life and death pertaining to the nation’s future.

    I think it not an overstatement to conclude that if democracy survives the digital age, it will be thanks to brave whistleblowers, starting with Ellsberg, and continuing with such heroic followers as Edward Snowden, Julian Assange, and Jack Teixeira, individuals currently hounded as criminals by the U.S. government. Whistleblowing being honored the world over by progressive forces in civil society, and shamefully marginalized by the mainstream media that waited until Ellsberg was dying before belatedly and grudgingly acknowledging his greatness.

    Richard Falk is Albert G. Milbank Professor Emeritus of International Law at Princeton University, Chair of Global law, Queen Mary University London, and Research Associate, Orfalea Center of Global Studies, UCSB. He is the Senior Vice President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. 

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  • Daniel Ellsberg Has Passed Away at 92

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    Daniel Ellsberg, delivering the 11th Annual Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future (photo by Rick Carter)

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    We are devastated by the news of the passing of Daniel Ellsberg, the great American hero and longtime friend and advisor to the Foundation. Best known as the original whistleblower, Dr. Ellsberg released the Pentagon Papers in 1971 at the risk of spending the rest of his life in prison; his turn away from establishment led to decades of advocacy for peace and nuclear disarmament. He is the author of three books: Risk, Ambiguity, and Decision, published in 2001; Secrects: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers, published in 2003; and The Doomsday Machine, Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner, published in 2017. In 2005, Dr. Ellsberg was the recipient of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation’s Distinguished Peace Leader Award.

    Just days after sharing his terminal cancer diagnosis in late February of this year, Dr. Ellsberg participated in our Nuclear Dangers virtual event, alongside Professors Noam Chomsky and Richard Falk (see recording and transcript below). Moderated by Cynthia Lazaroff, the wide ranging discussion about the state of the Ukraine War and the necessity for peace was also an opportunity for Dr. Ellsberg to share his appreciation and love for his friends and colleagues. As confessed by Ellsberg during the conversation, Chomsky and Falk were two of the people to whom Ellsberg had given copies of the Pentagon Papers, before the New York Times published them.

    In the coming days and weeks, much will be written about Dr. Ellsberg. His unusual bravery, in putting his entire life on the line to end a war based on lies, has been deeply inspiring to many over the decades. He has said numerous times that this was not a difficulty decision for him, if it meant saving countless American and Vietnamese lives. Perhaps unsurprisingly, he displayed a similar kind of bravery in facing his diagnosis this year. Cheerful by nature, during the Nuclear Dangers event, he came across as the epitome of happiness and gratitude. He would go on for several weeks to give interviews in mainstream media, to the New York Times, CNN, and others, trying – as much as possible – to share his message to posterity on the necessity of nuclear disarmament. But unlike in the popular outlets, at NAPF, he was uncensored. We hope you will take time to listen/watch/read the advice that this great man left for us all. May we heed his powerful words.

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    Video of the Nuclear Dangers event, March 2, 2023

    [/fusion_text][fusion_imageframe image_id=”21362|full” aspect_ratio=”” custom_aspect_ratio=”100″ aspect_ratio_position=”” skip_lazy_load=”” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” lightbox_image_id=”” alt=”” link=”https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Nuclear_Dangers_Ukraine_Anniversary_Transcript_2023.pdf” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” max_width=”” sticky_max_width=”” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” mask=”” custom_mask=”” mask_size=”” mask_custom_size=”” mask_position=”” mask_custom_position=”” mask_repeat=”” style_type=”” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” hover_type=”none” magnify_full_img=”” magnify_duration=”120″ scroll_height=”100″ scroll_speed=”1″ margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” margin_bottom_medium=”” margin_left_medium=”” margin_top_small=”” margin_right_small=”” margin_bottom_small=”” margin_left_small=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” z_index=”” caption_style=”off” caption_align_medium=”none” caption_align_small=”none” caption_align=”none” caption_title=”” caption_text=”” caption_title_tag=”2″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”” caption_title_size=”” caption_title_line_height=”” caption_title_letter_spacing=”” caption_title_transform=”” caption_title_color=”” caption_background_color=”” fusion_font_family_caption_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_text_font=”” caption_text_size=”” caption_text_line_height=”” caption_text_letter_spacing=”” caption_text_transform=”” caption_text_color=”” caption_border_color=”” caption_overlay_color=”” caption_margin_top=”” caption_margin_right=”” caption_margin_bottom=”” caption_margin_left=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″]https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Nuclear_Dangers_Ukraine_Anniversary_Cover_2023-e1686413070145.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=””]

    Transcript of the Nuclear Dangers event, March 2, 2023

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    Video of the Nuclear Dangers event, April 29, 2022

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    Nuclear Age Peace Foundation’s Symposium on October 24, 2016

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    11th Annual Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future

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  • Our Trip to Japan

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filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″]https://wagingpeace.davidmolinaojeda.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/RTT_Hiroshima_2023.png[/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=””]

    At Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

    A group of 11 young people from around the world, who are part of our youth initiative Reverse the Trend and the Marshallese Educational Initiative, visited Japan from April 23 till May 1. Our Policy and Advocacy Coordinator Christian Ciobanu and Benetick Kabua Maddison, the Executive Director of the Marshallese Educational Initiative, co-led the delegation.  During their time, the group visited Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, where they met with government officials, civil society representatives, and other youth to engage in discussions on nuclear disarmament.

    In Tokyo, the group met with Yuri Sano, the Assistant Director for the Disarmament and Arms Control Unit at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Discussions ranged from Japan’s priorities for the G7 Summit to its current policies on nuclear disarmament and arms control. The meeting was held under Chatham House Rule in order to allow the youth participants to be able to fully express themselves.

    In Hiroshima, the group participated in ICAN’s G7 Youth Forum, alongside another 40 youth from Japan and G7 states. The Youth Forum featured addresses by President Ochi of Hiroshima University; Helen Durham, former Director of International Law and Policy at the ICRC;  and Ms. Keiko Ogura, a hibakusha. Discussions ranged from the politics of nuclear weapons, nuclear disarmament, international law challenges & opportunities, and inclusion and intersectionality issues around nuclear weapons. Several of our participants shared their perspectives about the situation in the Marshall Islands and French Polynesia. We are grateful to both Benetick Kabua Maddison and Tamatoa Tepuhiarii for sharing their perspectives. While in Hiroshima, the youth participants also had an opportunity to meet with Governor Hidehiko Yuzaki of Hiroshima.

    Our group also visited the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. At the end of the Forum, our participants, together with youth representatives from G7 states, produced and read a youth statement. Find the statement here.

    Following the Youth Forum, the group traveled to Nagasaki, where they met with first generation hibakushas, Kiyomi Iguro and Shizuko Mitamura, and second generation hibakusha, Kazuhiro Ihara.

    After their testimonies, Benetick Kabua Maddison and Tamatoa Tepuhiarii shared their perspectives on the humanitarian perspectives and environmental perspectives on nuclear weapons in the Marshall Islands and French Polynesia, respectively. Maverick Peter Seda, a participant from the Solomon Islands, asked questions about the TPNW and how youth can raise awareness about the plight of the hibakusha.

    The group also visited the Nagasaki Peace Memorial Museum and Memorial Park, where they learned how Nagasaki coped with the humanitarian and environmental impacts of the atomic bombing.

    Following their tour of the Memorial Museum, the group participated in a series of workshops organized by NAPF, RTT, MEI, and the Prefecture of Nagasaki. Two participants from South and Southeast Asia, Hsin Yen Phoebe Mok and Farheen Malek facilitated a workshop on the SDGs, Nuclear Disarmament, and Climate Activism for both our participants and youth from Nagasaki.  Additionally, Benetick Kabua Maddison convened a creative arts workshop, where young people expressed their views on nuclear disarmament in a series of paintings.

    On the final day of our program, the participants met with Governor Oishi of Nagasaki, where they presented the paintings to him and discussed how young people can collaborate together to create a world free of nuclear weapons.

    We are proud of what they have been able to accomplish on this exciting and intense trip and look forward to their continued activism and contributions. We are especially pleased to acknowledge all of the RTT Participants on this trip.

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  • Dr. Ivana N. Hughes Appointed to the International Scientific Advisory Group

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    SANTA BARBARA, CA–Dr. Ivana N. Hughes, President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF), and a Senior Lecturer in Chemistry and Director of Frontiers of Science at Columbia University, has been appointed as a Member of the Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). The TPNW is a landmark international agreement among states that prohibits the possession, development, deployment, use, and threat of use of nuclear weapons and also contains a robust framework for assisting victims of nuclear weapons and remediating contaminated environments. The TPNW entered into force on January 22, 2021.

    This group of respected scientists is tasked with studying key issues to advance nuclear disarmament and to better understand nuclear weapons risks and their consequences. Scientists from countries all over the world were nominated and chosen by the States Parties to the TPNW and include the following experts: Kouamé Rémi Adjoumani, Bashillah Bt. Baharuddin, Erlan Batyrbekov, André Johann Buys, Jans Fromow-Guerra, Ivana Nikolić Hughes, Bwarenaba Kautu, Moritz Kütt, Patricia Lewis, Zia Mian, Sébastien Philippe, Gerardo Suárez Reynoso, Petra Seibert, Noël Francis Stott, and A K M Raushan Kabir Zoardar.

    The creation of SAG is considered a very significant step in forwarding the work of the TPNW.  When commenting upon the critical importance of this group of scientific experts, Juan Ramón de la Fuente, President of the Second Meeting of States Parties to the TPNW and the Permanent Representative of Mexico to the United Nations since 2019, said, “This Scientific Advisory Group exemplifies the recognition of States Parties that further enriching knowledge of the humanitarian impacts of nuclear weapons and a shared understanding of the risks of nuclear weapons…will be important to ensure the effective implementation of the Treaty.”

    Dr. Hughes has been President of NAPF since August 2022, bringing with her an extensive knowledge of the science of nuclear weapons, a deep understanding of the geopolitical complexity surrounding nuclear disarmament, and endless amounts of commitment, enthusiasm, and energy.

    Said Hughes, upon hearing of her appointment, “My commitment to science and the scientific process is only matched by my commitment to a world free of nuclear weapons. Scientists – some perhaps unknowingly – contributed to the development of these ominous weapons and it is my strongest belief that scientists must be a part of the solution. That solution is the prohibition and total elimination of nuclear weapons. I am honored to contribute to the implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons as part of its Scientific Advisory Group and to help ensure that this historic treaty can fulfill all of its promises. Those promises go beyond the lofty goal of ridding the world of nuclear weapons to include providing assistance to victims of nuclear testing and use, and remediating affected environments. In this manner, the treaty reminds us that we must put human beings at the center of any and all discussions of international security.”

    At its inaugural meeting, the Group elected Dr. Patricia Lewis and Dr. Zia Mian as Co-Chairs. Dr. Hughes was named Friend to the Co-Chairs. SAG will continue to meet this year and report on their progress at the Second Meeting of States Parties in New York later this year. The world eagerly awaits their findings.

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  • Remembering Castle Bravo 69 Years Later

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    Castle Bravo Blast (Public Domain)

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    Castle Bravo is the largest nuclear weapon test the United States (US) ever conducted. It was a seminal event in the nuclear testing history of the Marshall Islands. It is also part of a shameful legacy for those of us who consider ourselves American. Today, the Marshallese people in the Marshall Islands and in diaspora, remember and commemorate Castle Bravo, an event that must never be forgotten.

    The Bravo explosion took place on March 1, 1954 in the northern part of Bikini Atoll, one of 29 coral atolls in the Marshall Islands. The explosion yielded the energy equivalent of 15 Megatons (or about 33 billion pounds) of TNT, or 1000 Hiroshima bombs. The blast evaporated an island, forming a deep crater in the Bikini lagoon. The resulting mushroom cloud reached a height of 25 miles into the atmosphere and spread radioactive fallout throughout the atoll, across other Marshallese atolls, and around the world. For decades, the US government has claimed that Bravo was an accident, both because it was more powerful than expected and because the winds had changed, leading to significant radiation fallout on populated atolls, like Rongelap. Recently declassified documents suggest that the claims of an accident are not truthful (see for example here, courtesy of late Bill Graham via Giff Johnson).

    Two communities have arguably been the most affected by Bravo: the Bikinians, who had moved out of their atoll in February of 1946 to make room for the US nuclear testing program, and the Rongelapese, who were living on the lush Rongelap Island, a mere 100 miles away, on that fateful day when radioactive fallout blanketed their islands and lagoon like snow. One could make the case that it is thanks to Bravo that Bikinians cannot return to live in their home islands more than 77 years after the US nuclear testing began. For the people of Rongelap, who similarly remain refugees in their own country, the loss of their land and culture is part of their history of suffering, which includes physical and mental health impacts stemming from the exposure to radiation in the aftermath of the Bravo test. By nightfall, many in the community, children in particular, were gravely ill with radiation poisoning. They were not evacuated until three days later and remain in exile nearly 69 years after Bravo.

    It’s not that people haven’t tried to return home. After the testing program ended in 1958, the people of Bikini slowly attempted to reoccupy their lands in the late 1960s, only to leave again in 1978, when it became clear that staying meant continued exposure to large and unacceptable doses of radiation. Measurements made from 2015-2018 by a Columbia University research team that I was a part of suggest that Bikini is still not ready to permanently host a multigenerational community, absent an extensive cleanup effort. Note that I stress the word “permanent;” a brief visit to Bikini is fine, but living there 24/7, 365 days a year for many years, is not. Moreover, given that radiation impacts people differently by age and possibly even sex, resettlement of a community that includes young children and pregnant women can only follow a careful decontamination program. Hence the emphasis on the word multigenerational.

    The situation is a bit more complicated in Rongelap Atoll, where our team found that radiological contamination on Rongelap Island, where people previously lived, has been largely, if not entirely, contained. But we also found disturbing evidence of high levels of external gamma radiation and high levels of plutonium in the soil in Naen, an island in the north of the Rongelap Atoll. Although the Rongelapese did not traditionally use Naen for their living quarters, they did use it – and other islands throughout the atoll – as a pantry island, where they collected food. The conditions in Naen and in other islands of the atoll need to be far better understood and potentially addressed, before a permanent and multigenerational community could return to Rongelap.

    The focus here on Bikini and Rongelap is not to say that other atolls were not affected, just that these may have been the most affected. At the time of Bravo, people were also living in Alluk, Likiep, Utirik, and throughout the Marshall Islands. A comprehensive survey of current radiological conditions is desperately needed for the entire country, with an emphasis on atolls closest to the former testing sites. In 2017, the Columbia team was able to visit Utirik and we found little to no evidence of elevated levels of radiation. This is encouraging, although not definitive, as our measurements were limited in scope and number.

    The Marshall Islands suffered 67 nuclear tests, which corresponded to 55% of the total energy yield of all US nuclear weapon tests. Bravo was the largest and the most devastating due to the fallout spread, but there were many other large (hydrogen bomb) tests. Several actually took place in the same part of the Bikini lagoon as Bravo, leading to a complex crater that today has a depth of ~50 m, and according to two Columbia studies, hosts a variety of radioactive contaminants (see here and here). The ocean is filling in this crater at a rate of about one foot per year (or one meter every three years), as if it knows that it must treat its own scars, with people seemingly not ready to heal them.

    The legacy of Bravo must not be forgotten. Indeed, it must be recognized, understood, and properly addressed.

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  • NAPF President Speaks on Ekotürk with Feyza Gümüşlüoğlu, Nükleer bir savaş kapıda mı?

    Recently, NAPF President, Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, spoke with Feyza Gumusluoglu on Turkish television, Ekoturk, discussing issues ranging from the dangers of a nuclear arms buildup to the existential apocalyptic aftermath of a nuclear winter. We invite everyone to listen as Dr. Hughes navigates the importance of eliminating nuclear weapons as an urgent international concern, especially from energy, security, humanitarian, and environmental standpoints that we must inevitably confront.

  • It is 90 seconds till midnight

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    Yesterday, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, a pre-eminent organization founded in 1945 with the goal to publish and pronounce upon the dangers of the nuclear arms race, and more recently other existential threats, such as climate change, announced their latest Doomsday Clock reading. The clock’s history dates back to 1947, when the Bulletin asked the artist Martyl Langsdorf to create a cover for the magazine; Langsdorf proceeded to draw a picture of a clock, with its hands at seven minutes till midnight. Her choice of image was meant to reflect the urgency of the moment and the fact that very little time was left to prevent a human-made global catastrophe before it happened. By 1949, the Bulletin started using the image yearly to ascertain the current state of global affairs and to indicate whether things have indeed gotten better or worse compared to the previous year and compared to all of the prior clock readings. Along the way, the Doomsday Clock became a symbol of all that is wrong in today’s world and a widely anticipated gauge of global risks and threats.

    Since 1949, the minute hand of the clock has been changed 24 times, reaching 17 minutes to midnight or the farthest from midnight in 1991, at the end of the Cold War. Prior to 2020, the closest setting was two minutes till midnight during the time period of 1953 to 1959, when both the United States and the Soviet Union not only acquired but widely tested hydrogen bombs. Hydrogen bombs, by using fusion, the process that powers the Sun and the stars, instead of just fission, increased the energy yield and destructiveness of nuclear weapons by orders of magnitude. The United States tested – in the Marshall Islands and Kiribati – bombs that were up to 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb, while the Soviets tested hydrogen bombs that reached up to 50 Mtons or the equivalent of more than 3300 Hiroshima bombs. Most of those ultra high yield tests were conducted near Severny Island in the Arctic, with some taking place at the Semipalatinsk test site in Kazakhstan.

    In January 2020, just as the COVID pandemic was gaining speed, the Bulletin’s Science and Security Board set the clock at 100 seconds to midnight, the closest it had ever been, to reflect the deteriorating global security environment, as well as the accelerating impacts of global warming and the lack of meaningful progress on addressing climate change. The clock reading was unchanged in 2021 and 2022 and when the Ukraine War started last February, many began to wonder how the new and increased risk of nuclear exchange or worse would affect future clock readings. So like thousands of others, I was glued to my screen yesterday morning, anticipating with some trepidation what time the Bulletin experts would set for this year. The clock hands – clearly – do not impact the situation on the ground in Ukraine or globally, but I did have the sense that the reading would reflect the urgency of the moment, as it has for decades. Confronting this urgency in such a direct way did make me anxious.

    When Mary Robinson, former President of Ireland, and others unveiled the clock to reveal 90 seconds till midnight, I breathed a sigh of relief. Yes, 90 seconds to midnight is awfully close and the closest the clock has ever been. I fully agree with this assessment, as the Ukraine War has undoubtedly increased the risk of use of nuclear weapons, which was already unacceptably high, while also causing other global problems and exposing our global interdependency. So I agree that we are worse off today than we have ever been. For those who discount the dangers, I would quote Prof. Marty Hellman from Stanford University, who says that “those who discount the risk of nuclear war stemming from the war in Ukraine are probably right, but probably is not good enough when our nation’s survival is at stake.” To this, I would add that nuclear war does not threaten just our nation and other individual countries, but human civilization as we know it and possibly the human species and other life on the planet. Assessing the risk as the highest it has ever been, seems right on the mark to me.

    My relief at hearing and seeing 90 seconds till midnight was due to the fact that I could have imagined an even closer reading of say, one minute till midnight. I believe that 90 seconds is a better assessment as it reflects the numerous opportunities to make things better. Coming out of a worldwide pandemic, we should be better prepared to confront future pandemics individually and within our communities and societies. Global warming is having such visible impacts around the planet (I write this from New York City where we have yet to have our first snowfall of the 2022/2023 winter season) that denial is no longer even a viable strategy and optimism about the shift to renewables in places like China and India does not strike me as premature. Finally, the Ukraine War has at last woken many people up to the continued dangers of nuclear weapons, dangers they seemed to have put aside after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Those dangers in fact never went away and the hope is that by allowing the whole world to see them for what they are, we can finally reach the decades-long aspirations of nuclear abolition.

    This brings me to my favorite point about why there is reason for hope. The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) has now been in force for two years (we just celebrated its second anniversary on January 22), has 68 ratifications and 92 signatory states, and both lists of states continue to grow. I was fortunate to attend and participate in the First Meeting of States Parties last June in Vienna where I could soak in the optimism and the excitement of diplomats, civil society, academics, and youth, all working together to bring the promises of this historic treaty to reality. We at the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation are hard at work on promoting, strengthening, and implementing the TPNW and are convinced that the treaty is our best hope for leaving a world free of nuclear weapons to our children. We must do everything we can to see it accomplish all of its objectives. After all, we only have 90 seconds to do so.

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