Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

Category: Nuclear Disarmament

Speaking Out on the Insanity of Nuclear Weapons

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The following article was originally published in The Nation on January 28, 2026.

Speaking Out on the Insanity of Nuclear Weapons

At a time when nuclear dangers are not just rising, but multiplying, we need all hands on deck in sounding the alarm and advocating for abolition of nuclear weapons.

February 6, 2026 | Ivana Nikolić Hughes and Peter Kuznick

Near the end of his life, Robert McNamara wrote an essay for Foreign Policy, titled “Apocalypse Soon.” In it, the controversial former US Secretary of Defense and president of the World Bank argued that we “must move promptly toward elimination—or near elimination—of nuclear weapons.”

McNamara is known for his moderating role during the Cuban missile crisis, which might have saved us from the end of the world. In “Apocalypse Soon,” he writes about this experience and how it shaped his own views on nuclear weapons. But hardly is McNamara alone in examining his role in national security in his final years and concluding that he needed to speak out about nuclear weapons.

Others with long-time service at the highest levels of government have sounded the alarm. In 2007, former Republican secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and George Schultz, former Democratic secretary of defense William Perry, and former Democratic senator from Georgia Sam Nunn wrote an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal, titled “A World Free of Nuclear Weapons.”

Today, of the “four horsemen of the apocalypse,” Bill Perry and Sam Nunn are still alive. Nunn was involved in cofounding and leading the Nuclear Threat Initiative, while Perry, at nearly 100 years old, has his own William J. Perry Project, dedicated to “working to end the nuclear threat.” In 2014, in an interview with three Columbia University students, Perry shared that he was afraid we were already in a new nuclear arms race. More than 10 years later and with the seeming expiration of New START, the last remaining arms control treaty between the United States and Russia, we may be in an entirely new phase of this new race.

What is desperately needed is people currently in office coming to the same inescapable conclusion that these statemen had reached, while they can do something about it. It is quite shocking that of 100 senators, only Ed Markey has publicly urged the Trump administration to accept the offer of the Russian President Vladimir Putin to extend New START for another year. Markey, a veteran of nuclear policy, has championed many arms control causes during his time in Congress. But even Markey has yet to firmly stand behind nuclear abolition, by, for instance, endorsing the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. He shouldn’t wait until he too is out of office and nearing the end of his life. Many in Congress look up to him when it comes to nuclear issues, and his actions have the potential to be transformative.

The last three presidents have spoken about nuclear weapons in sobering terms. President Obama gave a speech in Prague, in which he stated, “So today, I state clearly and with conviction America’s commitment to seek the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons.” That declaration helped him win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Although Obama wisely negotiated New START, he also went along with the plans to modernize the US nuclear arsenal at the unimaginable price tag now approaching $2 trillion. President Trump has spoken about the need to “denuclearize,” making the argument that nuclear weapons cost too much and that they could destroy the world over and over again. And yet he has gone on to violate international law on repeated occasions and has so far refused to extend New START, potentially setting the arms race ablaze. In 2021, we had otherwise hawkish Joe Biden to rescue us from the Treaty’s expiration, but it remains unclear whether we can be saved this time. Without an extension of New START or a replacement agreement, we would likely witness a dramatic and terrifyingly dangerous growth in the nuclear arsenals of Russia and the US, the two nuclear superpowers that possess some 87 percent of the world’s approximately 12,500 nuclear warheads.

And it’s not just former or current officials who need to talk about this problem. Those with large platforms could play a huge role. Imagine if Michele Obama talked less about fashion and more about peace, if Taylor Swift devoted a tiny fraction of her time to ensuring that her millions of fans won’t all die in a nuclear war, and if professional athletes embraced this as a political cause, the way they had embraced political causes in decades past. In 1982, celebrities were right there with a million ordinary Americans gathering in Central Park, calling out the insanity of nuclear weapons. Senator Ed Markey was there, too. And young Mikhail Gorbachev watched from a distance. The US public opinion had a profound impact on the late Soviet leader.

One group bears a special responsibility in sounding the nuclear alarm, and that is the scientists themselves. Although the scientists who originally brought nuclear weapons into the world are long gone, many of them did their share of trying to eliminate their own creation, including Joseph Rotblatt, who was the architect of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto and a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, alongside the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, an organization he founded. Carl Sagan devoted a good part of his last two decades speaking for peace and disarmament, and explaining the impact that nuclear war would have on the entire planet through nuclear winter. We still have some celebrity scientists, like Neil de Grasse Tyson. They need to get involved, too!

A week ago, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, an organization started by the likes of Einstein and Oppenheimer, unveiled its Doomsday Clock, according to which, it is 85 seconds to midnight, the closest we have ever been to human destruction of the planet. We need all hands on deck. Let’s not leave this task only to those thinking about the world as they prepare to make their exit.

Ivana Nikolić Hughes is President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and a senior lecturer in Chemistry at Columbia University. Her research on ascertaining the radiological conditions in the Marshall Islands has been covered widely, including by the Los Angeles Times. She is a member of the Scientific Advisory Group to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.

Peter Kuznick is a Professor of History and the Director of the Nuclear Studies Institute at American University.

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February 6, 2026
‘They poisoned us’: grappling with deadly impact of nuclear testing

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The following article was originally published in France24 on January 22, 2026.

You can find the full report, including contribtuions by Dr. Ivana Hughes HERE.

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‘They poisoned us’: grappling with deadly impact of nuclear testing

Geneva (AFP) – Nuclear weapons testing has affected every single human on the planet, causing at least four million premature deaths from cancer and other diseases over time, according to a new report delving into the deadly legacy.

More than 2,400 nuclear devices were detonated in tests conducted worldwide between 1945 and 2017.

Of the nine countries known to possess nuclear weapons — Russia, the United States, China, France, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, India, Israel and North Korea — only Pyongyang has conducted nuclear tests since the 1990s.

But a new report from the Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA) humanitarian organisation, provided exclusively to AFP, details how the effects of past tests are still being felt worldwide.

“They poisoned us,” Hinamoeura Cross, a 37-year-old Tahitian parliamentarian who was aged seven when France detonated its last nuclear explosion near her home in French Polynesia in 1996.

Seventeen years later, she was diagnosed with leukaemia, in a family where her grandmother, mother and aunt already suffered from thyroid cancer.

The explosions are known to have caused enduring and widespread harm to human health, societies and ecosystems.

But the NPA report details over 304 pages how an ongoing culture of secrecy, along with lacking international engagement and a dearth of data, have left many affected communities scrambling for answers.

“Past nuclear testing continues to kill today,” said NPA chief Raymond Johansen, voicing hope the report would “strengthen the resolve to prevent nuclear weapons from ever being tested or used again”.

‘Very dangerous’

The issue has gained fresh relevance after US President Donald Trump’s suggestion last November that Washington could resume nuclear testing, accusing Russia and China of already doing so — charges they rejected.

“This is very, very, very dangerous,” warned Ivana Hughes, a Columbia University chemistry lecturer and head of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, who contributed to the NPA report.

“The nuclear testing period shows us that the consequences are extremely long-lasting and very serious,” she told AFP.

The heaviest burden of past tests has fallen on communities living near test sites, today located in 15 different countries, including many former colonies of nuclear-armed states.

Survivors there continue to face elevated rates of illness, congenital anomalies and trauma.

The impact is also felt globally.

“Every person alive today carries radioactive isotopes from atmospheric testing in their bones,” report co-author and University of South Carolina anthropology professor Magdalena Stawkowski told AFP.

Millions of early deaths

Hundreds of thousands of people around the globe are known to have already died from illnesses linked to past nuclear test detonations, the report highlighted.

It pointed to strong scientific evidence connecting radiation exposure to DNA damage, cancer, cardiovascular disease and genetic effects, even at low doses.

“The risks that radiation poses are really much greater than previously thought,” report co-author Tilman Ruff told AFP.

The atmospheric tests alone, which were conducted up to 1980, are expected over time to cause at least two million excess cancer deaths, he said.

And “the same number of additional early deaths (are expected) from heart attacks and strokes”, said Ruff, a Melbourne University public health fellow and co-founder of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, which won the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize.

Ionising radiation, or particles that can snap DNA bonds in cells and turn them cancerous, is “intensely biologically harmful”, he said.

“There is no level below which there are no effects”.

The risks are not uniform, with foetuses and young children most affected, and girls and women 52-percent more susceptible to the cancer-inducing effects of radiation than boys and men.

Culture of secrecy

The NPA report documented a persistent culture of secrecy among states that had tested nuclear weapons.

In Kiribati, for instance, studies by Britain and the United States on health and environmental impacts remain classified, preventing victims from learning what was done to them.

And in Algeria, the precise sites where France buried radioactive waste after its tests there remain undisclosed, the report said.

None of the nuclear-armed states has ever apologised for the tests, and even in cases where they eventually acknowledged damage, the report said compensation schemes have tended to “function more to limit liability than to help victims in good faith”.

Local communities, meanwhile, frequently lack adequate healthcare and health screening, as well as basic risk education — leaving people unaware of the dangers or how to protect themselves.

“The harm is underestimated, it’s under-communicated, and it’s under-addressed,” Stawkowski said.

‘Guinea pigs’

When Cross was diagnosed with leukaemia aged 24, she did not immediately blame the nuclear explosions in French Polynesia decades earlier.

“France’s propaganda was very powerful,” she told AFP, adding that in school she had only learned about the tests’ positive economic impact for France’s South Pacific islands and atolls.

She was later “shocked” to discover that rather than a handful of harmless “tests”, France conducted 193 explosions in French Polynesia between 1966 and 1996.

The biggest was around 200 times more powerful than the bomb the United States dropped on Hiroshima in 1945.

“These weren’t just tests. They were real bombs,” she said, charging that her people had been treated as “guinea pigs” for decades.

‘Trauma’

Other communities near test sites have also borne a heavy burden.

Hughes pointed to the impact of the United States’ 15-megaton Bravo test at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands on March 1, 1954 — “equivalent to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs — an absolute monstrosity”.

It vaporised one island and exposed thousands nearby to radioactive fallout.

Rongelap, about 120 kilometres (75 miles) from Bikini, saw “vaporised coral atoll mixed in with radioactive isotopes falling onto the island from the sky, with the children thinking it was snow”, Hughes said.

The report criticised the “minimal” international response to the problem.

It especially highlighted the nuclear-armed states’ responsibility to scale up efforts to assess needs, assist victims and clean up contaminated environments.

“We want to understand what happened to us,” Cross said.

“We want to heal from this trauma.”

© 2026 AFP

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January 22, 2026
Review of Martyrs to the Unspeakable by James Douglass

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A new book details the tragedies of and the connections between the devastating assassinations of America’s foremost 1960s leaders.

On December 8, 1999, in what should have been “the trial of the century,” a jury of 12 convicted Lloyd Jowers, alongside the United States government, of conspiring to murder Martin Luther King, a man whom the very same government celebrates this month with a national holiday. More than a quarter of a century later, scores of American students are still taught that James Earl Ray, an avowed racist, acted alone in killing the legendary civil rights leader. From withdrawn security, to the fact that James Earl Ray wasn’t even at the Lorraine Motel at the time of the shooting, to the admission of Jowers to taking the gun from the man in the bushes, to the testimony of Jesse Jackson that the shot came from the bushes, and more, the list of King’s assassination inconsistencies with the official narrative is long, leaving little room for doubt. Certainly, the jury felt that way in coming to their verdict in less than an hour.

The trial was initiated by the King family. And while the country has celebrated not just MLK himself, but his wife Coretta Scott King, including since her passing in 2006, it has ignored her deeply held beliefs that the government conspired to murder her husband. “There is abundant evidence of a major high-level conspiracy in the assassination of my husband, Martin Luther King, Jr… the Mafia, local, state and federal government agencies, were deeply involved in the assassination of my husband. The jury also affirmed overwhelming evidence that identified someone else, not James Earl Ray, as the shooter, and that Mr. Ray was set up to take the blame,” Mrs. King shared after the trial. A real way to honor her and her husband’s legacy would be not to build them more statues, although those are nice, but to speak and teach their truth.

The story of MLK’s murder, plus three more – those of President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, and Senator and Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy, is told in James Douglass’s magnum opus, Four Martyrs to the Unspeakable: The Assassinations of JFK, Malcolm, Martin, and RFK. In a painstaking effort to document – through declassified records, witness testimonies, autopsy reports, interviews, and more – what really took place leading up to and during these murders, Douglass paints a picture of a government not only spying on its own leaders and citizens, but so deeply committed to the Cold War and the economic forces benefitting from war and maintenance of poverty, that nothing, not even murdering those who wish to change the status quo is out of bounds.

Each story is devastating on its own, but together, they break one’s heart completely. Two brothers, two preachers, two white, two black, all unimaginably young – JFK was killed in 1963 at the age of 46, Malcolm X in 1965 at the age of 39, and MLK (age 39) and RFK (age 42) in 1968, just two months apart. In less than five years, we killed our best and brightest, setting up scapegoats that were meant to take the fall for us all. The four martyrs were extraordinary men who thought deeply and passionately about the world. They loved this world. Their own words, which Douglass quotes over and over and over again, at once lift one’s spirits and then bring on a wave of sadness at the thought of it all. “Why, why, why?” as John Lewis shouted while watching the news of RFK’s murder from a hotel room in Los Angeles.

It is impossible not to think about the corollary question of what if. What if JFK had lived? Did his murder sentence the others to death, too? What if all four had lived? What if any one of them had?

This is not the first time that Douglass has investigated assassinations. He has also written two other books about the unspeakable: JFK and the Unspeakable: Why He Died and Why It Matters and Gandhi and the Unspeakable: His Final Experiment with Truth. The new book is less focused on the details of the JFK assassination story than the original. Instead, it sets up the connections between JFK and his brother, of course, but also with MLK, and between MLK and RFK and between MLK and Malcolm. JFK is the starting point. MLK feels like the center of the story.

Douglass borrows the term unspeakable from the Catholic philosopher Thomas Merton who refers to it as “the systemic, organized evil that permeates our public life, the void of responsibility and awareness in which atrocities can be committed without anyone seeming to do them.” The book contains endless references to declassified documents, witness statements from interviews and court testimonies, forensic reports, and more. In each case, a piece here and there that does not fit in the lone shooter puzzle would be disquieting, but not disqualifying. Put together, however, they appear to exonerate the accused, and implicate a web of people spanning FBI, CIA, the Mafia, and local police departments, where individuals connected with the CIA led investigations – or rather cover-up – efforts. The man behind it all appears to be J. Edgar Hoover, the long-time Director of the FBI who presided over the Bureau under six presidential administrations.

Douglass seamlessly moves between the individual narratives and the stories that connect them. To him, the answer to the why question is the existence of nuclear weapons. The final sections of the book are devoted to the Cuban Missile Crisis, a 12-day ordeal during which the Kennedy brothers prevailed, alongside Khruschev, but also got lucky. We all were lucky! The world could have ended in October of 1962. Once the Kennedy brothers internalized this, it was time to ensure it could never happen again. It was time to turn towards peace.

In telling the story of the four murders, Douglass is clearly heartbroken, but capable of expressing hope, the kind of hope that comes along as one travels the path of truth. He is most pained, his suffering on full display, when he talks about the present. We are living in challenging times, and Douglass, with 88 years under his belt, is tormented by the state of the world, most notably by what many and he himself see as a genocide in Gaza. He ends the book with a short story about yet another assassination for which no one was ever punished, the murder of the Swedish diplomat Folk Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg, in Jerusalem in 1948. Just like with Gandhi, who was killed in that same year, the unspeakable seems to know no borders and can take place far from the US shores, the CIA, the Mafia, and the FBI.

Douglass wants us to recognize that assassinations have painful consequences. While individuals can change and have indeed changed the course of history, for better and for worse, people coming together in pursuit of peace and liberty is the only way out of the mess we find ourselves in. The ball is in our court.

James Douglass’s Martyrs to the Unspeakable: The Assassinations of JFK, Malcolm, Martin, and RFK is available for purchase from Orbis Books HERE.

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January 19, 2026
TMS: A World in Chaos

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animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

The following article was authored by Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes and published in Transcend Media Service on December 22, 2025.

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A World in Chaos

Nuclear disarmament should be the first step in unraveling the chaos.

Today, we find ourselves in a world in chaos. It is a world in which the globe is warming at an alarming pace, matched perhaps only by the rate of progress of AI, with the jury still out on even the qualitative sign of its contributions to society. It is a world in which the divisions between the haves and the not haves, within and across societies, echo with the vibes of the Gilded Age, while all other kinds of social disagreements keep the crowds busy arguing on social media and elsewhere. It is a world in which birth rates are collapsing across the developed world, leading to degradation of the family unit, an essential building block of thriving communities. And then there is the possibility of nuclear annihilation, lurking in the background, threatening at any moment to disrupt the life chain that has led to us being here following billions of years of evolution.

Because I teach first year college students and my own children, ages 14, 20, and 24, are now either young adults or reaching that stage, I often think about the time that I was their age, which was in the 1990s. I came to the US as a foreign exchange student my senior year in high school in 1994. At the time, my own country of Yugoslavia was falling apart, so I knew and experienced chaos at the national level. But what we’re experiencing today is different because chaos seems to be the state of everything from family to local to national to international levels.

It is precisely because so many things contribute to the chaos, that the existential threat of nuclear weapons and the need for nuclear disarmament is largely out of view, forgotten, ignored, or worse, justified. When it comes to this topic, things could not be more different today than they were in the 1990s. Of course, this was the end of the Cold War and in 1994, the year that I came to the United States, the Doomsday Clock by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists stood at 17 minutes to midnight, the furthest it had ever been from midnight, with midnight denoting nuclear annihilation. Today, the clock is at 89 seconds to midnight, the closest it has ever been to human destruction of life on the planet via nuclear war and other anthropogenic means.

Why does this matter when so much else seems to be going in the wrong direction? Below I outline three key points and argue that nuclear disarmament should in fact be the first step in unraveling the chaos.

Currently, nine countries in the world possess 12,500 nuclear warheads, most of which are far more powerful than the bombs that were used in attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They are US, Russia, UK, France, China, Israel, India, Pakistan, and North Korea. All of these states are involved in hot wars and conflicts like Ukraine or the Middle East, or in adversary tensions and potential conflicts. While there is of course danger that a nuclear weapon could be used deliberately, in times of such widespread conflicts and tensions, arguably a bigger worry may be that an accident or a miscalculation will lead to the use of nuclear weapon quite simply because a leader might believe their country is under attack or is about to be attacked. This could happen in the fog of war or due to a technical glitch alone. The risk of the use of a single nuclear weapon is both real and high.

War games from Washington DC have shown repeatedly that the use of a single nuclear weapon under many different scenarios would lead to a full-blown nuclear war. It’s not just that most simulations suggest a spiral into a nuclear war, it’s that all of them do. Part of this is a result of long-standing policies such as launch-on-warning, but part of it is due to the time scales involved in such decisions, which are only getting shorter and shorter.

Nuclear weapons are different from other weapons because they threaten to kill hundreds of millions of people in a matter of minutes, not days or hours. At the same time, nuclear war would alter the environmental conditions on the planet by destroying the ozone layer and altering the climate in the most dramatic way we refer to as nuclear winter. Nuclear winter and the resulting nuclear famine alone are estimated to result in the deaths of billions of people depending on the exact scenario of the nuclear war that takes place. This quite simply would be the end of the world as we know it. For this reason alone, nuclear weapons must be eliminated. In the words of John F. Kennedy, we must abolish nuclear weapons before they abolish us, as he stated in 1961 during his address to the United Nations General Assembly.

There is more of course to the nuclear threat than the mere possibility of annihilation. There are the wasted resources in all of the nuclear armed states, but especially in the United States, which spends more on nuclear weapons than all of the other nuclear possessors combined. There are the people who have been harmed since the beginning of the nuclear age, from the victims and survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan to communities around the world who were subjected to the fallout, radiation, and displacement due to nuclear testing.

But there is also the insidious way in which the notion that nuclear weapons keep us safe – and I posit that nothing could be further from the truth – undermines our ability to cooperate genuinely and to treat other countries as collaborators in addressing various threats to humanity and the planet and in creating a better world. What we are currently doing is basing the foundation of human security on threats of annihilation. Until such thinking is eradicated, resources are redirected for human needs inside the nations that possess nuclear weapons and beyond, and genuine cooperation is established at the international level, we will continue to not just be in a state of chaos, but to teeter on the brink of the ultimate destruction.

_________________________________________

This essay is adapted from a presentation at the webinar A World in Chaos: Collapse and/or Restructuring held on 16 Nov 2025.

Ivana Nikolić Hughes, Ph.D. is president of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, a senior lecturer in Chemistry at Columbia University, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Group to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Her writing has appeared in TRANSCEND Media Service, The Hill, The Nation, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Scientific American, Truthout, Common Dreams, The Diplomat, and elsewhere. wagingpeace.org

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December 22, 2025
The Root Causes of Senseless Violence

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The following article was authored by Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes and published in Common Dreams on December 15, 2025.

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The Root Causes of Senseless Violence

A view from the front of a college classroom amid fresh carnage both near and far.

I write this from the front of a Columbia classroom in which about 60 first-year college students are taking the final exam for Frontiers of Science. Yes, it’s a Sunday, but the class is required of all Columbia College students and so having the exam on the weekend ensures that there won’t be conflicts with the exams for other courses they are taking. The 60 students in my classroom are a fraction of the nearly 740 taking the course this semester.

The exam began at 2 pm, less than 24 hours after the shooting at Brown University, and just hours after many of us learned about the shooting in Sydney, Australia. Given these devastating events, I offered this morning that anyone who was adversely affected could take the exam later in the week or take what at Columbia is called an incomplete, which means that they would take the final exam at the start of next semester and only then be assigned a grade. Only about two dozen students took this offer, some sharing personal stories about having close friends from childhood or high school among the victims at Brown. It makes sense that the high-achieving students that Columbia attracts would have high-achieving friends at Brown. Some also hail from Providence and have had impacted family members.

It’s hard to process now, as my students are going through a 30-page exam (there are lots of figures and tables in it, plus spaces for them to add their answers, but yes, it’s a long exam) the senselessness of mass shootings in general, with the one in a classroom full of primarily first-year college students going through a Saturday afternoon final exam review for Principles of Economics weighing heavily as I sit here. Many of the students in Frontiers of Science also take a course here named Principles of Economics. The parallel is heartbreaking. I cannot imagine what I would have done had a shooter walked in on the review I held just a few days ago. I don’t think any of us can, except for those who have experienced mass shootings themselves. Sadly, it seems that at Brown there are two students with such prior experiences.

As I look at my students, still busily working on the exam, and recall the joys I’ve experienced teaching them and getting to know them this semester, I feel that we owe them so much more than what’s on offer at the moment.

As is typical in American society, there will be thoughts and prayers, and arguments about gun control and how we haven’t done enough to ensure that the incomprehensible violence does not happen again. I was in my final year of college when Columbine happened in 1999. I remember seeing the news in the townhouse near the Caltech campus that I shared with three housemates. We were devastated then. More than 25 years after Columbine, the feeling of devastation is sadly familiar, but also insidious.

The fact that the second shooting of the weekend took place in Australia, a country with strict gun laws, complicates the debate somewhat, demonstrating that this is not just about gun control. Sure, more gun control in the US would help; after all, our rate of mass shootings per capita is far higher than in all of the other developed countries. But I think that the problem is far deeper than lack of gun control. The problem lies in having a state, a society, a world, in which violence is not only excused and sanctioned on a regular basis, but celebrated both as a matter of history, but also the present and the future.

We salute our troops, flaunt our deadliest weapons as a matter of pride, justify wars in the name of democracy, and applaud leaders who may have committed war crimes and belong in courtrooms rather than in polite society. Journalist Glenn Greenwald recently made this last point when discussing why so many young people are buying what Nick Fuentes is selling and not what main in the mainstream media would want them to buy.

It is a sick society that spends far more on the military than on diplomacy, education, its veterans, and infrastructure combined. In their recent book, The Trillion Dollar War Machine, William Hartung and Ben Freeman demonstrate not only that most of the defense budget ends up in the pockets of the arms manufacturers, but that the funds have also been allocated to projects that have put our troops in harm’s way. Our investment in the military is costly all around, while it elevates violence here and abroad as the ultimate arbiter of disputes and disagreements. The US President John F. Kennedy once said that we will have war as long as the conscientious objectors are treated as traitors, while people who kill during times of war are treated as heroes.

The pinnacle of this sickness, is the possession of nuclear weapons, a constant threat to ourselves and our so-called adversaries, but also the rest of the world. The belief that nuclear weapons keep us safe runs deep through society, and elevates the risk of ultimate annihilation at any moment. Buried deep in this narrative is the justification of the atomic bombings as the tool that brought World War II to a close, while historical analysis demonstrates that Japan would have surrendered without its citizens being incinerated, blown apart, and sickened by the power unleashed from the atom. Justifying the murder of innocent civilians can only beget more violence in the long run, whether in Gaza, or at Brown, or at Bondi Beach.

There are more forms of sanctioned violence, including torture of prisoners, the death penalty, and the killing of suspects at the hands of police. As it is now, these examples send a message that even beyond war, violence and death are the answer. As shocking and horrifying as it is, it is perhaps not surprising that there are individuals, many likely with mental illness, that take this message to heart and commit senseless violence themselves.

As I look at my students, still busily working on the exam, and recall the joys I’ve experienced teaching them and getting to know them this semester, I feel that we owe them so much more than what’s on offer at the moment. Not only do they deserve not to be thinking of mass shootings while studying for their college exams, but they definitely deserve to inherit a world in which peace is sacrosanct and sanctioned violence is not the answer.

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December 15, 2025
NYU Event: Establishing a Middle East Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone

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On November 19, 2025, the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and its youth initiative Reverse the Trend, the International Relations Society at NYU, and NYU SPS co-hosted a timely discussion on Establishing a Middle East Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction Free Zone. Bringing together diplomats, scholars, and civil society leaders, the event explored the political, security, and humanitarian imperatives for establishing a region free of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons.

Speakers examined ongoing diplomatic challenges, the regional history of WMD proliferation, and the urgent need for sustained international support for a comprehensive WMD-Free Zone. Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes delivered closing remarks, underscoring the human consequences of continued inaction and the responsibility of the global community to prioritize disarmament. Following the presentations, students engaged the panel in an interactive discussion.

Panelists:
– Amr Essameldin, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Egypt to the UN
– El Hadj Lehbib Mohammedou, First Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Mauritania to the UN
– Dr. Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu, Clinical Professor, NYU Center for Global Affairs
– Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, President, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation; Member, SAG to the TPNW

Moderators:
Douaa Ahmed — NAPF / Reverse the Trend Intern, NYU
Mohammed Alkurashi — NAPF / Reverse the Trend Intern, NYU

Please see below or click HERE for recording of the event.

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Event Photos

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December 3, 2025
The Nuclear Abyss: The Last Mistake of Homo Sapiens?

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By Rubén D. Arvizu* – October 30, 2025*

On a Pale Blue Dot —as Carl Sagan called it—, a leader orders the resumption of nuclear tests. Donald Trump, on October 30, 2025, demanded the Pentagon detonate atomic bombs for the first time since 1992. “To match Russia and China,” he claimed.

But there is no equality in nuclear fire. Only abyss.

Carl Sagan warned us: “Nuclear civilization is a one-time experiment.” We have failed 2,056 times with past tests. We contaminated oceans, the atmosphere, DNA. Still today, children in the Marshall Islands are born with defects from the 1954 tests.

Jacques Cousteau saw it in the sea: “The ocean does not forgive.” Mercury, lead, radiation —the dolphins with Alzheimer’s we recently discovered in Scotland are no coincidence. They are our mirror. If we poison the water, what do we expect from the air we breathe?

Stephen Hawking, from the chair that sustained him, gave us the ultimatum: “We have 100 years to leave Earth… or go extinct.” Not from asteroids. From ourselves. From bombs that can kill 100 million in minutes.

Trump says “modernize.” It’s a lie. Russia already tested its Poseidon torpedo this week. China has 600 warheads. Resuming tests doesn’t stop the race: it accelerates it. It breaks the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996. It invites India, Pakistan, North Korea to join the game.

And the children?

In Gaza, 16,000 have already died.

In Ukraine, thousands more.

With one nuclear bomb, millions.

There are no shelters.

There are no winners.

Only ash.

Hawking told us: “Artificial intelligence could be the end… or the beginning of something better.” But today, human stupidity is the real danger.

Sagan: “We are star stuff… with the power to destroy ourselves.”

Cousteau: “We only protect what we love.”

Do we love this Pale Blue Dot?

Or do we prefer to burn it?

The test is not nuclear. It is human.

Stop the experiment.

Before the cosmos forgets us.

Rubén D. Arvizu is a writer and environmentalist, General Director for Latin America of Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Ocean Futures Society, and Associate of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.

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October 30, 2025
El Abismo Nuclear: ¿El Último Error del Homo Sapiens?

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Por Rubén D. Arvizu* – 30 de octubre de 2025

En un Punto Azul Pálido —como lo llamó Carl Sagan—, un líder ordena

reanudar pruebas nucleares. Donald Trump, el 30 de octubre de 2025, exigió al Pentágono detonar bombas atómicas por primera vez desde 1992. “Para igualar a Rusia y China”, aseguró.

Pero no hay igualdad en el fuego nuclear. Solo hay abismo.

Carl Sagan nos advirtió: “La civilización nuclear es un experimento de una sola vez”. Hemos fallado 2.056 veces con pruebas pasadas. Contaminamos océanos, la atmósfera, el ADN. Aún hoy, niños en las Islas Marshall nacen con defectos por las pruebas de 1954.

Jacques Cousteau lo vio en el mar: “El océano no perdona”. Mercurio, plomo, radiación —los delfines con Alzheimer que descubrimos recientemente en Escocia no son casualidad. Son nuestro espejo. Si envenenamos el agua, ¿qué esperamos del aire que respiramos?

Stephen Hawking, desde su silla que lo sostenía, nos dejó el ultimátum: “Tenemos 100 años para abandonar la Tierra… o extinguirnos”. No por asteroides. Por nosotros. Por bombas que pueden matar a 100 millones en minutos.

Trump dice “modernizar”. Es mentira. Rusia ya probó su torpedo Poseidón esta semana. China tiene 600 ojivas. Reanudar pruebas no detiene la carrera: la acelera. Rompe el Tratado de Prohibición Completa de Pruebas Nucleares de 1996. Invita a India, Pakistán, Corea del Norte a unirse al juego.

¿Y los niños?

En Gaza, 16.000 ya murieron.

En Ucrania, miles más.

Con una sola bomba nuclear, millones.

No hay refugios.

No hay ganadores.

Solo ceniza.

Hawking nos dijo: “La inteligencia artificial podría ser el fin… o el comienzo de algo mejor”. Pero hoy, la estupidez humana es el verdadero peligro.

Sagan: “Somos polvo de estrellas… con la capacidad de destruirnos”.

Cousteau: “Solo protegemos lo que amamos”.

¿Amamos este Punto Azul?

¿O preferimos quemarlo?

La prueba no es nuclear. Es humana.

Detengamos el experimento.

Antes de que el cosmos nos olvide.

*Rubén D. Arvizu es escritor y ambientalista, director general para América Latina de Ocean Futures Society de Jean-Michel Cousteau, Asociado de la Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.

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October 30, 2025
Gender and Nuclear Weapons: UN First Committee Side Event

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By Sofia Dominguez-Trejo | Intern at Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Reverse The Trend

On 16 October 2025, during the 80th session of the UN General Assembly First Committee on Disarmament and International Security, the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF) and its Youth Initiative, Reverse The Trend (RTT), in conjunction with the Permanent Missions of Kiribati, Kazakhstan, and Malta, hosted a side event on gender and nuclear weapons. This event examined the relationship between Articles 6 and 7 of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) and the gender dimensions of nuclear weapons as well as the importance of gender inclusivity in the field of international peace and security.

Christian N. Ciobanu, Director of Policy and Advocacy of NAPF and TPNW Advisor for Kiribati, moderated the event. Speakers included: Adedeji Ebo; Director and Deputy to the High Representative at the UN Office for Disarmament; Azamat Kairolda; Counsellor of Kazakhstan, Albert Ghigo; Counsellor of Malta; Veronique Christory; Senior Arms Control Advisor for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Delegation to the UN; Julia Roberto; NAPF and RTT youth activist, Kunihiko Shimada; Principal Director for Hiroshima Organization for Global Peace (HOPE), Dr. Ivana Nikolic Hughes; President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and a member of the TPNW Scientific Advisory Group; and Gizem Sucuoglu Special Assistant to the UN High Representative for Disarmament Affairs and member of the Gender Focal Team at the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA).

At the beginning of the event, Adedeji Ebo emphasized the importance of closing the gender gap between women and men in the field of nuclear policy. Ebo remarked on the importance of having “female perspectives” at the table when making critical policy and research decisions. He also proudly shared that UNODA has reached gender parity.

Following the Director’s remarks, Azamat Kairolda of Kazakhstan recalled the history of over 450 nuclear testing explosions in Kazakhstan and its widespread harms as the source for the country’s proud stance against nuclear weapons today.

Albert Ghigo of Malta then recalled his country’s appointment as the new Gender Focal Point for the TPNW and the importance of inclusive disarmament. Ghigo also recognized the international community’s milestones towards equality and acknowledged the significance of the 25th anniversary of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security.

Urging young people not to curb their efforts towards a nuclear-free world, Veronique Christory of the ICRC emphasized the importance of youth voices and participation in the effort to influence decision makers. Christory also noted the use of international humanitarian law as one of the most important tools that individuals in the field of disarmament should employ to achieve their goals.

“Why invest in young women?” was the question Julia Roberto, NAPF and RTT youth activist, sought to answer during her remarks. She highlighted women’s positive contributions to society in sectors that would otherwise suffer in their absence. For example, she mentioned that women have been central in documenting harm, advocating for reparations, and transforming suffering into policy action. Investing in women, therefore, is an investment in accountability, inclusion, and sustainable peace. Roberto shared her own personal experience of the Third Meeting of States Parties to the TPNW, where she met with a group of young women from affected communities, including Kiribati. She learned how entire communities, and especially women, continue to live with the physical and emotional consequences of nuclear testing. She also explained that through listening to their stories, she understood that women’s voices carry a vital dimension to disarmament she had not yet recognized—the pursuit of nuclear justice. She further learned that women in affected communities have been central in documenting harm, advocating for reparations, and transforming suffering into policy action. She concluded her statement by underscoring that investing in women, therefore, is an investment in accountability, inclusion, and sustainable peace.

Kunihiko Shimada of HOPE discussed the unique ways in which radiation and fallout from nuclear use and testing impact women and girls. He used anecdotes from Japan’s history to also demonstrate how women are socially affected by nuclear disasters, noting how women were ostracised from Japanese society after the fallout due to the fear of radiation contamination.

Dr. Ivana Nikolic Hughes of NAPF shared research highlighting the ways the usage of nuclear weapons disproportionately impacts women. Though examples of this phenomenon were raised, Dr. Hughes reiterated that because general research on the impacts of nuclear weapons has yet to be concluded, there may be more ways in which nuclear weapons impact women that are at present unknown. Moreover, when women negotiators are in a room where a peace agreement process is underway, the durability of the agreement drastically increases by 35 per cent, she noted.

Gizem Sucuoglu of UNODA drew from her experience in the field of nuclear disarmament, citing her early career, where she recalls the discussion being dominated by only a handful of poorly diverse perspectives. She noted that although international disarmament spaces have become more representative, there continues to be work that can be done to open the space to more equal participation. Sucuoglu concluded her statement by citing research on the disproportionate impacts of radiation on women’s health and the resulting need to improve research in this field.

See below for photos from the event.

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October 20, 2025
Engaging the Next Generation on Nuclear History

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Last week, our Director of Policy and Advocacy, Christian Ciobanu, joined Rooj Ali, a member of our youth initiative, Reverse the Trend Canada, at the “Archives as Witness” conference, commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Peace Resource Center at Wilmington College.

They led a panel focused on engaging youth, and especially Generation Z, in understanding the history and enduring legacy of the atomic bombings and nuclear weapons testing. Their discussion highlighted innovative approaches to education and advocacy, ensuring that the lessons of the past continue to inform a more peaceful future.

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October 4, 2025