Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

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Kiribati Statement at the 2025 NPT Preparatory Committee

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On May 2, 2025, Christian N. Ciobanu, Director of Policy and Advocacy at the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Adviser to the Permanent Mission of Kiribati, delivered a national statement during Cluster 1 at the 2025 Non-Proliferation Treaty Preparatory Committee (NPT PrepCom) at United Nations Headquarters in New York.

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Kiribati Statement to the 11^th Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference Preparatory Committee

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Chair and Distinguished Representatives,

Kiribati is concerned that the Nuclear Weapon States are still maintaining and upgrading their weapons both quantitatively and qualitatively in violation of their Article VI obligations. These states have ignored the decisions contained in the historic 1996 Advisory Opinion of the ICJ, including the court’s recognition that “there is an obligation to pursue in good faith and to conclude negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international control.”

The persistent collective decision by the NWS to ignore their Article VI obligation is placing serious constraints on the Treaty.

In this regard, we would like to remind all States Parties about the 64-point action plan from the 2010 NPT Review Conference. In particular, we want to recall Action 5 and agree with other States Parties on the necessity for the Nuclear Weapon States to present national reports that address information on how they are dismantling their nuclear weapons and actions related to fulfilling their obligations to pursue negotiations in good faith. This should be an agenda item for the NPT Review Conference.

Chair and Distinguished Representatives,

We remain highly concerned that a certain NWS is preparing to resume nuclear tests.

We remember that tests ravaged communities and divided families during the height of the Cold War, especially in the Pacific region.

As a state that has suffered from immense humanitarian and environmental consequences of testing, we are calling for explicit references to the humanitarian consequences of both the use and testing of nuclear weapons in the outcome doc. The international community must reflect that it is also the 80th anniversary of the first nuclear test conducted at the Trinity Site in New Mexico.

For us, it is clear that the use and testing of nuclear weapons violate the core principles of international humanitarian law.

Chair and Distinguished Representatives,

We believe the legacy of nuclear testing is not theoretical—it is a living reality for the survivors and their families.

In this regard, we recall that the vast majority of States voted in favor of our resolution on addressing the legacy of nuclear weapons in the UN General Assembly. Thus, we contend that States Parties should request an agenda item on nuclear legacy issues, including victim assistance and environmental remediation, at the Review Conference and during the next review cycle.

It is time for us to take action.

Thank you.

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May 2, 2025
NAPF Statement at the 2025 NPT Preparatory Committee

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Statement to the 11^th Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference

Preparatory Committee

Honorable Chair and Distinguished Delegates,

My name is Ivana Nikolić Hughes and I am grateful for the opportunity to speak on behalf of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, an organization that has been committed for over 40 years to educating and advocating for a just and peaceful world, one that is free of nuclear weapons. Our commitment to this vision stems from the recognition that nuclear weapons are uniquely murderous and have the potential for destruction unmatched by anything else that humans can do. No other action that humanity can take could cause the end of civilization as quickly as nuclear war could.

Nuclear weapons can impact us over vast amounts of space and vast amounts of time. A nuclear explosion may take place locally, but its impacts quickly spread and become global. A nuclear explosion may take place in a split moment in time, but its impacts may persist for thousands of years. A single nuclear explosion today could kill thousands, even millions of people due to the heat, blast, and radiation it produces. A single nuclear weapon, exploded high in the atmosphere, would produce an electromagnetic pulse that could shut down the electric grid in entire countries, placing societies into complete turmoil. Even more frightening is the prospect of nuclear war. A nuclear war, wherein hundreds or thousands of nuclear warheads are exploded, would not just kill tens of millions, even hundreds of millions of people instantly, it would also cause the depletion of the ozone layer and reduce temperatures globally, to the point of agriculture failure and starvation of billions. There would be nowhere to hide.

As the book Nuclear War: A Scenario, by author Annie Jacobsen demonstrates in vivid detail, a full-blown nuclear war could take place in just 72 minutes. Not 72 hours, or 72 days, or even years and decades, but just a little over one hour. It is not a realist position to ignore the scientific evidence on what nuclear weapons could do to our world. And it is not a realist position to disregard the constant risk that nuclear arms pose to our world. The realist position is to recognize that each nation and humanity as a whole would be safer in a world free of nuclear weapons. This is the position that each NPT Member State must embrace and work toward with renewed vigor.

Honorable Chair,

The issue of nuclear weapons is not just a matter of realism. It is also a moral issue. As we collectively mourn the passing of His Holiness Pope Francis, we must remember that he told us again and again that not only is the use of nuclear weapons immoral, so is their mere possession. His is a legacy of deep commitment to a world free of nuclear weapons. He believed that such a world was both possible and necessary. He was a staunch supporter of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), commending its courageous vision, its commitment to education for peace, and its humanitarian provisions on victim assistance and environmental remediation for all impacted by nuclear weapons use and testing. We implore all Member States to honor the Pope’s legacy by joining the TPNW and commend all of the States that are already a part of this historic treaty. As the Pope stated in 2022, “Adherence to, and respect for, international disarmament agreements and international law is not a form of weakness. On the contrary, it is a source of strength and responsibility.”

In this anniversary year, when we remember the first nuclear victims of the Trinity Test and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is not enough to just pay lip service to the survivors and those who perished on the fateful 1945 summer days and in the decades since. Discussion of concrete steps on disarmament must be a part of the next NPT Review Conference and each Member State must do its part, most especially the Nuclear Weapons States. Here we applaud the comments of the United States President Donald Trump on the need to denuclearize and the Kremlin’s openness to dialogue and broad discussions about the two largest nuclear arsenals. These conversations can start bilaterally, but will need to expand to include China, France, and the United Kingdom, and eventually all nuclear armed states. Ratifications of the TPNW across the globe can be the final step that brings all nation States together in ensuring a future for our children, grandchildren, all future generations, and all other life on the planet.

Renewing our resolve to rid the world of weapons that can get rid of us is the only responsible thing to do in this moment. For nearly 80 years, humanity has lived in the shadow of nuclear weapons, stumbling from one catastrophe to another, but somehow, with a lot of luck, never quite getting to the unimaginable – the scourge of nuclear war. We cannot continue to play the ultimate roulette.

It is time for this body to grapple most seriously with the nuclear disarmament pillar of the NPT, not only because Article 6 represents a solemn commitment agreed upon by all of the parties to the treaty, but because the fate of the world is at stake. Motivated by love for life in all its many forms and beauties, we urge you to come together to remove the shadow of nuclear weapons, once and for all.

Thank you, Mr. Chair.

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April 30, 2025
Honoring Peace, Condemning War: Protesters Gather at Vandenberg to Oppose ICBM Test and Remember Activist Legacies

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Late Tuesday night, 2/18 a group of seven peace activists gathered at the front gate of Vandenberg Space Force Base in Santa Barbara county California. They were there both to protest against the test launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) but also to celebrate the lives of Daniel Ellsberg, David Krieger and Fr. Louie Vitale. Daniel Ellsberg was a lifetime peace activist and the author of the Doomsday Machine, a book about his life inside nuclear war planning. David Kreiger was the founder of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Fr. Louie Vitale was arrested over 400 times protesting nuclear weapons.

Dan, David and Louie were all arrested 13 years ago in February of 2012 protesting an ICBM test launch, along with 12 other people. Since that date all three have died. We honor them by protesting at an ICBM test launch. In 2012 their witness was so powerful, that since that date the base has NOT published the ICBM test launch dates. There is only a 3-day notice time to make it hard to protest these horrible tests.

The wind was chilly, the seven men and women stood the glare of the gates at the front gate of Vandenberg, and celebrated life as the missile of death blasted across the ocean. Elizabeth Murray spoke about the power of these peace actions, how when she was inside the CIA how they did not want the employees to see the protesters. At the same time, at night, friends of Dan, David and Louie gathered online in the middle of the night to remember them and to support the protesters who were at the front gate at midnight. We read poetry and told stories and created a field of love and peace to counteract the death machine, until the horrible missile blasted off at 1 am. The protesters included Elizabeth Murray of the Pacific Life Community and Leah Yananton, an artist from Los Angeles. Leah recited a poem of peace.

This missile lands in the Marshall Islands, 4,200 miles away. These islands have forced to bear the overwhelming environmental costs of U.S. nuclear weapons testing, are still used as a target test area.

ICBMs have been sold to Congress and the public as a guarantor of security. In reality, they are an imminent threat to public safety. In the words of the late Daniel Ellsberg, author of The Doomsday Machine, these weapons make “any conflict enormously more dangerous than it has to be” by increasing “the danger that any armed conflict between major nuclear states can escalate to all-out war.” ICBMs are on hair-trigger alert and, once launched, cannot be recalled, virtually guaranteeing a strike on the country that launches them. As long as ICBMs exist, we live with the constant risk that misinterpreted intelligence, human error, or a single rash decision could end civilization as we know it within an hour.

Maintaining these weapons is a huge waste of resources. The U.S. has committed to spending hundreds of billions of dollars to “modernize” its ICBM force, which in practice means replacing the entire system. The ICBM program is now an astonishing 81% over budget. Hidden in the department of Enegry budget is the new hydrogen bomb development being done at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory or the new plutonium pits that will be built at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We must stop this madness

The tensions among nuclear-armed states are high. The U.S. military paused a test when Russia invaded Ukraine and once again when Pelosi visited Taiwan. They should stop these provocative tests in the interest of peace.

This protest, organized by Defuse Nuclear War condemns these launches in the strongest terms as a dangerous step backward for peace. The existence of ICBMs is a threat to the life of every person in the world.

If you want to be notified of the next launch and protest, please sign up at the Defuse Nuclear War ICBM alert list.

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February 27, 2025
How Trump Can Turn Back the Doomsday Clock

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The following article was co-authored by Ivana Nikolić Hughes and Peter Kuznick, originally published in Transcend Media Service on February 3, 2025.

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has reset the minute hand on the Doomsday Clock 26 times since its debut in 1947, most recently in 2025 when it moved from 90 seconds to 89 seconds to midnight.

30 Jan 2025 – The Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has just announced its latest Doomsday Clock reading. In 2023, following nearly a year of the war in Ukraine, the clock reached 90 seconds to midnight, the closest it had ever been to the hypothesized nuclear Armageddon. This reading was maintained in 2024, as the Ukraine war marched towards a second anniversary and the war in Gaza dominated our screens and attention. This year, the Board moved the clock’s hands one second closer to midnight. One could argue that a larger jump would have been warranted. Insistent militarization, modernization, and expansion of nuclear arsenals loom in the background, while the devastating consequences of climate change, including most recently in southern California, remind us that climate change is here to stay and associated risks are growing. Humanity is facing dire threats.

Since the clock’s birth in 1947, it has become a widely recognized symbol of humanity’s ability to self-destruct. Fourteen Presidents, seven Democrats and seven Republicans, have led the US during this time. Five presided over a turn of the clock’s hands away from midnight: four Republicans (Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, and Bush Sr.) and only one Democrat (Kennedy). The hands of the clock have moved closer to midnight by a staggering 19 minutes and ten seconds during Democratic administrations, while Republican administrations have overseen a movement of the clock’s hands away from midnight by a substantial 13 minutes and 39 seconds. If each US President approached their time in office as a race against the Doomsday Clock, rather than a race to US hegemony, Americans and the world would be far safer. President Trump has inherited a country and civilization that is closest to irreversible self-destruction, making a fundamental course reversal more important than ever. The following three objectives would ensure that President Trump can do exactly that.

End the Wars. The first and most important tasks for President Trump are to end the war in Ukraine, stabilize the Middle East by negotiating a genuine two-state solution for Israel and Palestine, and embrace China as a competitor rather than an adversary, re-committing to the one-China policy and welcoming a genuine economic rivalry. Preventing further deaths and destruction, as well as potential escalation with unimaginable consequences if any of these wars were to turn nuclear, should be at the top of Trump’s agenda. Each of these instances of peace-making would likely shave a couple of minutes from the Doomsday Clock, not to mention earn Trump a shot at the Nobel Peace Prize.

Return to the Nuclear Weapons Negotiating Table. Once the Ukraine war is in the back mirror, Trump needs to return to the negotiating table with Russia on nuclear weapons. The two countries have the world’s largest nuclear arsenals that threaten to not just kill hundreds of millions of people throughout the northern hemisphere, but to impact global climate and food supplies in a catastrophic manner through the effects of nuclear winter. The bilateral meetings will need to add China either from the onset or once progress has been made on the reduction of the two largest arsenals. There will also be a moment to bring in the United Kingdom and France, who are the remaining two nuclear weapon states according to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Finally, the four states that are outside of the NPT (India, Israel, North Korea, and Pakistan) will need to be brought in for bilateral and multilateral negotiations that address their specific reasons for having nuclear weapons, e.g. the status of Kashmir in the case of India and Pakistan. Ultimately, all nine nuclear armed states will need to join the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and give up their arsenals, just as most of them have done with other weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological weapons. Trump has the power to start this process.

Take Forceful Action on Global Warming. The world is burning, literally and figuratively. Temperatures have risen across the globe due to greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity. This is a statement of fact, supported by scientific understanding acquired and data collected over many decades. The extraordinary period of global warming has been accompanied by other planetary impacts, including sea level rise, widespread wildfires, more dangerous storms, and intensified dry and wet weather extremes. Just in the last year, parts of North Carolina were devastated by Hurricane Helene, while New York experienced a drought in November, with wildfires popping up in and around the city for days. No place is safe and “drill, baby, drill” will only make matters worse. President Trump needs to work with Congress on national legislation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in every way possible, work with the UN and the international community to support green economy transformations abroad, and with both to adapt to changes already afoot. He has next to him a man who has led the revolution in electrifying transport. More ingenuity, creativity, and government support will be needed to ensure that we can preserve a livable planet for generations to come. Trump should not shrug this problem away, nor shy away from working with other countries to address it.

The likelihood of Trump acting on this agenda is small but not zero. To his credit, the US President warned in 2023, “We have never been closer to World War III than we are today under Joe Biden. A global conflict between nuclear-armed powers would mean death and destruction on a scale unmatched in human history. It would be nuclear Armageddon. NOTHING is more important than avoiding that nightmare. We will avoid it. But we need new leadership.” He reiterated this message in his talk last week to the Davos World Economic Forum, explaining, “Tremendous amounts of money are being spent on nuclear, and the destructive capability is something that we don’t even want to talk about today, because you don’t want to hear it. So, we want to see if we can denuclearize, and I think that’s very possible.” Putin quickly responded that he is open to new arms control talks as well as to the extension of the New START Treaty, the last remaining arms control treaty, which is set to expire in a little more than a year. But Trump’s closest advisors have been singing a different tune. Echoing Project 2025, some have been pressuring Trump to increase the funding for nuclear weapons and expand the size of the U.S. nuclear arsenal after years of cuts. There is even talk about restarting nuclear testing and developing new types of nuclear weapons.

Dangerously loose talk has also been coming from outside the new administration. Recently, Rear Admiral Thomas Buchanan, director of planning and policy for the U.S. Strategic Command, said that if a nuclear exchange were necessary, “we want to do it in terms that are most acceptable to the United States” and to make sure we retain sufficient capacity to deter potential adversaries.

Days ago, former Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, who is currently the secretary of Putin’s Security Council, observed, “Against the backdrop of increasing conflict and aggravation of geopolitical rivalry in the world, the risks of a violent clash between major states, including with the participation of nuclear powers, are growing.”

The road ahead is rocky, unclear, and extremely dangerous. There is much that President Trump can do to make the country and the world better off, from building a fair and prosperous economy, to addressing threats from AI and pandemics, to investing in education, science, technology, and infrastructure, to treating undocumented migrants with the compassion they deserve. But the path to moving the Doomsday Clock’s hands is clear. We must not reach midnight because, despite the fanciful musings of Admiral Buchanan, there may be no one around to deter America’s then non-existent adversaries.

Peter Kuznick is Professor of History and Director of the Nuclear Studies Institute at American University.

Ivana Nikolić Hughes is president of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and a Senior Lecturer in Chemistry at Columbia University.

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February 4, 2025
The Sanctification of Jimmy Carter is a Disservice to his Legacy

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The following article was co-authored by Ivana Nikolić Hughes and Peter Kuznick, originally published in American Committee for US-Russia Accord (ACURA) on January 16, 2025.

“Carter’s 42-year post-presidency was a different story, that of a towering moral presence in his years out of office—a man who richly deserved the Nobel Peace Prize he received in 2002.”

In 2019, Jimmy Carter shared his thoughts on China with the congregants at Maranatha Baptist Church in his hometown of Plains, Georgia. “Since 1979, do you know how many times China has been at war with anybody?” Carter asked. “None. And we have stayed at war.” The U.S., he calculated, had enjoyed a paltry 16 years of peace in its 242-year history, making it “the most warlike nation in the history of the world,” repeatedly trying to force others to “adopt our American principles.” “How many miles of high-speed railroad do we have in this country?” he asked rhetorically, noting that China had built some 18,000 miles of high-speed rail while the U.S. had “wasted, I think, $3 trillion” on military spending.

“The difference,” Carter told the congregation, “is if you take $3 trillion and put it in American infrastructure you’d probably have $2 trillion left over. We’d have high-speed railroad. We’d have bridges that aren’t collapsing, we’d have roads that are maintained properly. Our education system would be as good as that of say South Korea or Hong Kong.” According to the Costs of War Project at Brown, the accurate figure for the amount of money the U.S. has spent on its post-9/11 wars is closer to $8 trillion.

Jimmy Carter is deservedly being honored as he is being laid to rest for his truthfulness and integrity, traits especially appreciated given that he took office in 1977 following years of mendacity surrounding the U.S. invasion of Vietnam and Watergate, and the revelations of wrongdoing exposed in the extraordinary Church Committee hearings. But the Carter of the last couple of years of his presidency bore little resemblance to the man who challenged American hubris in his 2019 comments on China or the mythic image being etched into Americans’ memory in the days since his passing.

Carter is being remembered as a humble Georgia peanut farmer who rose to the governorship and then the presidency on the strength of his character and his reputation as an enlightened pro-Civil Rights southern governor. Billboards have popped up around the country with his image and the word “Character” with the letters C-a-r-t-e-r highlighted.

Most obituaries, however, fail to mention that his rise to the highest office also came by way of nominating super hawk and neocon favorite Henry “Scoop” Jackson, “the senator from Boeing,” for president at the 1972 Democratic Convention. Soon after, Carter joined the Trilateral Commission, founded by David Rockefeller with the purpose to bolster international capitalism. The Commission’s Executive Director Zbigniew Brzezinski, a Columbia professor and son of a Polish diplomat, recognized Carter’s potential and took him under his wing, eventually serving as his foreign policy advisor and speechwriter during the 1976 campaign. Carter ran as an outsider, but quickly appointed 26 fellow Trilateralists to his new administration, including staunch anti-communist Brzezinski as National Security Advisor, fair-minded Cyrus Vance as Secretary of State, and liberal Atlanta mayor Andrew Young as UN Representative.

Despite being surrounded by many conservative advisors, Carter’s initial priorities were fairly progressive. He sought to cut defense spending and decried the nuclear hypocrisy involved in the U.S. asking other countries “to forgo nuclear weapons” while the U.S. kept building them. In his inaugural address, he pledged not only “to limit the world’s armaments” but to “move this year toward the ultimate goal—the elimination of all nuclear weapons from this Earth.” He even spoke truthfully about Vietnam, promising never to repeat the “false statements and sometimes outright lies” his predecessors had used to deceive Americans about the war.

His presidency got off to a strong start. On his first full day in office, he unconditionally pardoned hundreds of thousands of young Americans who had evaded the draft during the Vietnam War. On March 15 of that year, he signed a presidential directive instructing administration officials “that we should attempt to achieve normalization of our relations with Cuba” and later that year on September 1, the two countries each opened an interest section in the other’s capital. Six days later, Carter signed the Panama Canal Treaty, gradually turning the canal back to Panama after seven decades of U.S. control. Between 1977 and 1979, he slashed military aid from $210 million to $54 million, cutting off some of the most violent and repressive governments in the Southern Cone and Central America. In 1978, he achieved his most memorable foreign policy success in negotiating the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt. In December of that year, Carter announced that the U.S. would establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China and end them with Taiwan. Even as late as 1979, Paul Warnke, Carter’s choice to head the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, secured passage of the SALT II Treaty with the Soviet Union. On the domestic front, he nominated more women and members of minority groups to the federal judiciary than all his predecessors combined. He promoted conservation. He established the Departments of Energy and Education. When he left office, the national debt stood below $1 trillion. That number would triple under Reagan and has now skyrocketed to $36 trillion.

But there was another, more troubling, side to the Carter presidency, largely engineered by Brzezinski, who aimed to infect Carter with his own hatred of Soviet communism. He insisted, from day one, on giving the President’s daily briefings by himself with no one else present and wrote in his memoirs that he was soon gratified to hear his own words coming out of Carter’s mouth. Brzezinski bragged about being “the first Pole in 200 years in a position to really stick it to the Russians” and urged Carter to use the Soviet Union’s record on human rights to discredit it on the world stage, even though the Soviets had made significant progress in the preceding two decades. Brzezinski wrote to Carter that a president must be “feared” and urged him “to pick some controversial subject on which you will deliberately choose to act with a degree of anger, even roughness, designed to have a shock effect.” Carter chose to denounce Soviet behavior in Africa, leading Brzezinski, an outspoken foe of any arms control agreement with the Soviets, to exult on several occasions that “SALT lies buried in the sands of the Ogaden.”

There was more. He supported repressive regimes in Iran and El Salvador and the genocidal Pol Pot government in Cambodia, and reactionary movements like the Contras in Nicaragua, governments that openly trampled on the human rights that Carter properly extolled. Carter made serious, deadly, and dangerous foreign policy decisions, repeatedly favoring Brzezinski’s hawkishness to Vance’s diplomacy. The Carters spent New Year’s Eve 1977 at an obscenely lavish dinner for 400 guests in Tehran where Carter proclaimed his loyalty to the Shah, who had come to power in a 1953 CIA-run coup that toppled the extremely popular, democratically elected Mohammad Mossadegh, a former Time Man of the Year who the U.S. ambassador reported had the “backing of 95 to 98 percent of the people.” “There is no leader,” Carter toasted the Shah at the New Year celebration, “with whom I have a deeper sense of personal gratitude and personal friendship.” Little more than a year later, Islamic revolutionaries overthrew the Shah, whom Carter then welcomed into the United States under pressure from Brzezinski, Rockefeller, and Henry Kissinger. Outraged Iranian students stormed the American Embassy and seized more than 50 hostages they held for 444 days, putting a final nail in the coffin of the Carter Presidency, in addition to the almost 15 percent inflation resulting from Federal Reserve head Paul Volcker’s extreme measures to curb inflation. In El Salvador, following the assassination of Archbishop Oscar Romero, left-wing insurgents were close to overthrowing the government and seizing power, but Carter restored military aid to the government, opening the door for much worse cruelty enabled by Ronald Reagan.

However, the most appalling and outrageous betrayal of decency occurred in Afghanistan where Brzezinski prevailed upon Carter to to unleash an insurgency against the pro-Soviet government that came into power following a coup in 1978. Afghanistan was one of the world’s poorest countries where life expectancy stood at 40 years and only one tenth of the population was literate. Recognizing this, the new Soviet-friendly rulers attempted to reform the backward nation, instituting programs for women’s education, land reform, and industrialization that angered the Muslim zealots or mujahideen. Initially loathe to arm and train these fanatics, who murdered teachers found to educate women, sometimes skinning them alive, Carter finally gave in to Brzezinski, who was intent on giving the Soviets “their own Vietnam.” On July 3, 1979, Brzezinski wrote a note to Carter predicting that the new U.S. policy of aiding the mujahideen would “induce a Soviet military intervention.”

The ploy worked. On Christmas Eve, almost six months after U.S. aid began, Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev sent in over 100,000 Soviet troops to restore order. Though the U.S. had deliberately provoked the invasion and American leaders secretly celebrated, Carter publicly called it “the greatest threat to peace since the Second World War.” Within weeks, he announced the Carter Doctrine, threatening the Soviets with war if they intervened in the Gulf region. In case Carter’s warning wasn’t entirely clear, the following month, Assistant Secretary of State William Dyess reiterated the threat, declaring, “The Soviets know that this terrible weapon has been dropped on human beings twice in history and it was an American president who dropped it both times.” In actions that warmed the cold cockles of Brzezinski’s heart, Carter withdrew the U.S. Ambassador from Moscow, took SALT II off the table, pulled the U.S. team out of the upcoming Moscow Olympics, and deployed Secretary of Defense Harold Brown to Beijing to discuss establishing military ties. U.S. and Saudi money flowed into Pakistan to support the insurgents, which led, under Reagan, to the arming, funding, and training of the zealots who attacked the United States on 9/11.

Jimmy Carter came to office promising to promote human rights and democracy and cut military spending. He failed on all fronts. Military spending shot up from $115 billion in his first budget to nearly $180 billion in his final one. The Doomsday Clock by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was at nine minutes to midnight when he entered office in 1977 and at four minutes to midnight when he left in January 1981. As Anne Cahn detailed in her book Killing Détente, “By the 1980 presidential election, the choice in foreign and defense policy was between that of the Carter administration, which favored the MX missile, the Trident submarine, a Rapid Deployment Force, a ‘stealth’ bomber, cruise missiles, counterforce targeting leading to a first-strike capability, and a 5 percent increase in defense spending, and that of the Republicans under Ronald Reagan, who favored all of these plus the neutron bomb, antiballistic missiles, the B-1 bomber, civil defense, and an 8 percent increase in defense spending.” Carter opened the door to the even more harrowing excesses and brutality of the subsequent Reagan administration.

Carter’s 42-year post-presidency was a different story, that of a towering moral presence in his years out of office—a man who richly deserved the Nobel Peace Prize he received in 2002. The Carter Center, which he and Rosalynn founded in 1982, advances international peace, democracy, human rights, and understanding. Carter worked to ease conflicts around the globe, including on the Korean Peninsula, and in Darfur, Syria, Ukraine, and Palestine. He championed Palestinian rights and a two-state solution, boldly condemning egregious abuses in the Israeli-occupied territories in his 2006 book Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid.

Papering over the errors, betrayals, hypocrisies, and reversals of the Carter Presidency, as much of the posthumous commentary has done, does not serve his legacy or advance the causes he so passionately espoused. If we fail to comprehend how the bipartisan U.S. foreign policy establishment, which Eisenhower labeled the military-industrial complex and Obama-advisor Ben Rhodes called the “blob,” transformed a well-meaning young president, committed to creating a more just and peaceful world, into a hardline Cold Warrior who betrayed many of his principles, we lose an opportunity to learn from Jimmy Carter’s errors and advance the dream that drove him to become the moral force we rightly remember him as.

Peter Kuznick is Professor of History and Director of the Nuclear Studies Institute at American University.

Ivana Nikolić Hughes is president of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and a Senior Lecturer in Chemistry at Columbia University.

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January 17, 2025
PODCAST: Dr. Hughes and Jeffrey Sachs on Green Planet Monitor

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user_select=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

Originally published on Green Planet Monitor, for podcast recording click HERE. Article written by David Kattenburg.

Green Planet Monitor # 84

With David Kattenburg, Jeffrey Sachs and Dr. Ivana Nikolic Hughes

[/fusion_text][fusion_button link=”https://www.greenplanetmonitor.net/conflict/no-reason-to-cheer/” title=”” target=”_self” link_attributes=”” aria_role_button=”0″ alignment_medium=”” alignment_small=”” alignment=”center” modal=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” color=”custom” button_gradient_top_color_hover=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” button_gradient_top_color=”#004c7d” button_gradient_bottom_color_hover=”” button_gradient_bottom_color=”#004c7d” gradient_start_position=”” gradient_end_position=”” gradient_type=”” radial_direction=”” linear_angle=”180″ accent_hover_color=”” accent_color=”var(–awb-color1)” type=”” bevel_color=”” bevel_color_hover=”” border_top=”” border_right=”” border_bottom=”” border_left=”” border_radius_top_left=”” border_radius_top_right=”” border_radius_bottom_right=”” border_radius_bottom_left=”” border_hover_color=”” border_color=”” size=”” padding_top=”” 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Some are cheering. It may be premature.

On December 8, after almost 25 years of rule, and against all odds, Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad was deposed by a small army of Islamist rebels. Assad, a reportedly soft-spoken ophthalmologist, has taken refuge in Moscow.

Assad’s ouster brings to an end 54 years of dynastic, authoritarian, and exceptionally brutal rule. Bashar’s father, Hafez al-Assad, seized power in 1971. Memories of his crackdown on grassroots opponents affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood movement, back in February 1982, still linger on. As many as forty thousand people were massacred by Assad’s military in the central Syrian town of Hama.

Bashar-the-son may have been more easy-going than dad, but Syrians are reportedly very happy to see him go.

As Assad’s tyranny fades (and the bodies of his opponents start to be dug up, reportedly in large numbers), far more powerful, arguably more brutal actors move in like wolves. The Turks, Russians, Saudis, French, British and, of course, the US and its conjoined twin, Israel, are now turning Assad’s downfall to maximum advantage.

Israel-USA and the Turks have been violating Syrian territory and airspace for years. In the wake of Assad’s ouster, Israel has launched airstrikes up and down Syria, all the while expanding its unlawful seizure of Syrian Golan Heights land and announcing an expansion of Jewish-only colonies, in flagrant breach of international law.

The nation with the most at stake as Syria’s ‘liberation’ is undermined — Israeli-colonized Palestine — has no leaders to stand up for its interests. All but annihilated in Gaza, and wherever else its leaders now shelter themselves, the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas — no friend of Bashir al-Assad — has applauded the dictator’s downfall.

The ultimate outcome of Bashar al-Assad’s downfall is anyone’s guess. Everyone’s got an informed hunch. One of them is Columbia University professor Jeffrey Sachs.

Sachs is an economist and public policy analyst, and the Director of Columbia’s Center for Sustainable Development. He’s the author of numerous books and articles about COVID, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Israel’s war on the Palestinian people, and the unconscionable and incompetent state of US public policy.

Read here and here and here.

Jeffrey Sachs’ most recent writing focuses on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s grand strategy to depose regimes across the Middle East, North Africa and wider Southwest Asia — a strategy well received in the halls of neoliberal, permanently war-fighting power, over in Washington.

The GPM reached Jeffrey Sachs in NYC. Listen to our conversation in today’s podcast. Click on the play button above, or go here.

Watch or complete conversation here:

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In the wake of Bashar al-Assad’s ouster, and the decimation of Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon, Benjamin Netanyahu sets his sights on the last and biggest enemy state on this hit-list Jeffrey Sachs and others speak about – Iran.

Pressured by Netanyahu and deep-pocketed Zionists in Washington, the incoming Trump administration may well green-light a full scale assault on the Islamic Republic, perhaps even with nuclear weapons.

Israel, of course, is the only nuclear-armed state in the region.

A small player, by global standards. There are over 12,000 nuclear warheads on the planet, poised to be fired off at a moment’s notice, most of them in the possession of the Americans and the Russians. Once upon a time, back in the eighties, this was a subject of intense public and media debate. It isn’t anymore.

The global nuclear arsenal is a matter of huge concern for Ivana Nikolic Hughes.

Hughes is the Director of Frontiers of Science and Senior Lecturer in Discipline in the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University, in NYC. She’s also the President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, and has carried out research on the long-term radiological contamination of the Marshall Islands, in the central Pacific, where the US carried out 67 atomic and H-bomb tests between 1946 and 1958.

The GPM sat down with Ivana Nikolic Hughes in her office at Columbia University – a challenging campus to get into if you’re not a student or faculty member, in the wake of protests against Israeli genocide in Gaza. Our conversation went on for about an hour and a half. The first part will be posted in an upcoming GPM podcast.

Here’s the last half hour of our conversation with Ivana Nikolic Hughes, focusing on the long proposed but likely never-to-be-achieved Middle East Nuclear Free Zone, the Frontiers in Science program that Dr. Hughes teaches, the state of science awareness among her students, and the future of science-based policy under a Trump administration.

Listen to our conversation in today’s podcast. Click on the play button above, or go here.

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December 26, 2024
Conference on Nuclear Disarmament
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The Conference on Nuclear Disarmament, chaired by Daiki Katsukawa of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Reverse the Trend (RTT), brought together a diverse group of experts, advocates, and youth leaders to discuss pressing issues surrounding nuclear disarmament. Held on December 4, 2024, the event aimed to amplify the voices of affected communities, advocate for policy changes, and inspire action among younger generations. The sponsors were the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, Reverse The Trend, Global Campaign for PEACEducation, Youth for TPNW, Japan Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, and Katawara.

The speakers were: Christian N. Ciobanu, Director of Policy and Advocacy and RTT Coordinator; Josuna Kinsey, an NAPF/RTT Intern, who read the statement on behalf of Mayors for Peace; Dr. Keiko Nakamura of RECNA at the University of Nagasaki; Keita Takagaki, a third-generation Hibakusha; Keunwoo Lee, representing the Korean Hibakusha; Ereti Tekabaia, an RTT Pacific Adviser; and Rooj Ali and Sarah Rohleder of RTT Canada.

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Daiki Katsukawa of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and Reverse the Trend (RTT), Chair of Conference

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Christian N. Ciobanu, Director of Policy and Advocacy and RTT Coordinator

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Key Presentations

The conference commenced with opening remarks by Christian N. Ciobanu of NAPF/RTT who emphasized the importance of fostering a nuclear taboo and addressing growing global threats to disarmament norms. The Mayors for Peace Secretariat’s message, delivered by Josuna Kinsey, underscored the collaborative global efforts required for nuclear disarmament.

Dr. Keiko Nakamura of RENCA highlighted the significance of youth engagement in nuclear disarmament, tracing the historical and moral deterrents that have shaped the nuclear taboo. This taboo is now under threat due to shifts in political rhetoric and policies, particularly in nuclear umbrella states, such as Japan.

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Dr. Keiko Nakamura of RENCA

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Josuna Kinsey, NAPF/RTT Intern

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Testimonies from Affected Communities

The voices of Hibakusha (atomic bomb survivors) were central to the discussions:
- Keita Takagaki, a third-generation Hibakusha, shared his experiences and ongoing efforts to bridge the intergenerational divide in nuclear disarmament advocacy. Keita begins by introducing himself and expressing gratitude for the opportunity to speak, focusing on the importance of sharing the experiences of Hibakusha with younger generations. He highlights his personal involvement with the Youth Community for Global Hibakusha and the research on the impacts of nuclear testing, including the harm to Japanese fishermen exposed during the 1954 Bravo Hydrogen bomb test. He emphasizes the ongoing struggles for compensation for victims and the need to raise awareness, particularly in relation to Articles 6 and 7 of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
- Keunwoo Lee, representing Korean Hibakusha, detailed his family’s legal struggles for compensation and justice. He discusses the importance of the global youth network for nuclear disarmament and expresses his commitment to continuing activism in Korea and abroad. Keunwoo reflects on his family’s ongoing legal battles, including his grandfather’s court cases in Japan, and the eventual financial and care support for Korean Hibakusha. He emphasizes the need for real, collective action to create meaningful change, both locally and globally, beyond online discussions.
- Ereti Tekabaia spoke about the intergenerational health and environmental impacts of nuclear testing on i-Kiribati communities, stressing the need for scientific assessments and global support. She recounts the painful stories of the first-generation survivors, including health issues like cancers and congenital disabilities, as well as ongoing environmental problems such as fish poisoning and hazardous waste. Ereti highlights the need for scientific assessments to address these lingering issues and calls for the empowerment of survivors and their families to share their experiences and advocate for nuclear justice. She concludes by expressing solidarity with those fighting for nuclear justice and the recognition of affected communities on the international stage.
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Keita Takagaki, a third-generation Hibakusha, Japan

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Ereti Tekabaia, an RTT Pacific Adviser, i-Kiribati community

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Youth Advocacy and Engagement: Breakout Rooms

In a breakout small-group discussion, youth representatives from RTT Canada, RTT Pacific, and other regions shared their innovative approaches to nuclear disarmament. They emphasized the development of educational tools, designed to simplify the complexities of nuclear issues for younger audiences. Social media campaigns were highlighted as essential in raising awareness and mobilizing youth, along with collaborative initiatives like the Youth Nuclear Peace Summit have helped foster connections between activists and policymakers. Additionally, the importance of fostering intergenerational dialogue and older generations and survivors with youth to amplify their voices and stories was discussed and highlighted.

Conclusion and Next Steps

The conference concluded with breakout discussions, where participants explored strategies to engage youth, collaborate with Hibakusha, and build coalitions for the upcoming Third Meeting of State Parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). Attendees emphasized the importance of education, intergenerational dialogue, and persistent advocacy to sustain momentum toward a world free of nuclear weapons.

As a call to action, participants were urged to amplify survivor testimonies, advocate for comprehensive policies, and use creative platforms to reach broader audiences.

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Rooj Ali, RTT Canada

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Sarah Rohleder, RTT Canada

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Event Recording

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Attendees

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Attendees

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December 11, 2024
Choose Hope Symposium – March 2025

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On March 12-13, the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF) and Soka Gakkai International (SGI) will host the Choose Hope Symposium. The event will honor the legacies of the NAPF Founder and President Emeritus, David Krieger, and the SGI Founder and President, Daisaku Ikeda, both of whom died in late 2023, just weeks apart.

The symposium will be held at the Music Academy in Santa Barbara. On March 12 at 6 p.m., Annie Jacobsen, the author of Nuclear War: A Scenario, will deliver the 20th Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future, followed by a panel of experts who will respond to Jacobsen’s book and remarks. On March 13, there will be a series of panels, exploring themes of nuclear deterrence and nuclear abolition; the role of art in nuclear disarmament; nuclear justice; and youth and climate change.

More information about the Choose Hope Symposium will be forthcoming. We hope to see you there!

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December 6, 2024
2024 UN General Assembly Overwhelmingly Adopts Nuclear Justice Resolution

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On December 2, 2024, at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, the General Assembly voted for the second year in a row on a draft resolution on addressing the legacy of nuclear weapons and providing victim assistance and environmental remediation to Member States affected by the use or testing of nuclear weapons (document A/C.1/79/L.74).

The resolution’s primary purpose is to lay the groundwork for global collaboration and aid, focusing on mitigating the harm inflicted on States that have experienced the use or testing of nuclear weapons. Furthermore, the resolution outlines measures for evaluating the impact of nuclear tests and explores pathways for offering both practical and financial support to those affected, as well as strategies for the rehabilitation of areas contaminated by radiation.

The resolution was brought forward by the Republics of Kazakhstan and Kiribati, co-sponsored by 39 additional States, and supported by the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, including our Director of Policy and Advocacy, Christian Ciobanu. The overwhelming support was marked by 174 votes in favor (previous vote in the 2023 General Assembly’s resulted in 161 votes in favor). There were four votes against the resolution (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, France, Russian Federation, and United Kingdom), while six states abstained (China, India, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, and the United States).

While the number of votes in favor increased from 161 in the 2023 General Assembly, the opposition and abstentions remained the same. The vote once again, leaves the majority of the nuclear-armed states, who tested nuclear weapons, alone and isolated when it comes to the topic of nuclear justice. Compared to last year, the updated resolution requests the Secretary-General to convene a one-day meeting on victim assistance and environmental remediation at the United Nations, at an appropriate time in 2026.

Read more about the resolution in a recent op-ed by our President, Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes and Christian Ciobanu HERE.

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Read the resolution HERE and below.

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UNGA 79 Resolution Vote Tally: 174 Favor, 4 Oppose (DPRK, France, Russia, and UK), 6 Abstain (China, India, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, and USA).

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Voting on resolution in UN General Assembly Hall, December 2024

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Individual Country Votes

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Individual Country Votes

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December 2, 2024
At Soka University: Commemorating the Ikeda-Krieger Dialogue

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On November 20, the Soka Institute for Global Solutions at Soka University of America (SUA), organized an event to honor the legacies of Daisaku Ikeda and David Krieger, two champions of the nuclear disarmament movement, and reflect on the relevance of their dialogue, entitled “Choose Hope,” to our world today. The event encouraged continued engagement and renewed inspiration to work toward a world free of nuclear weapons, as well as to carry on the legacies of Ikeda and Krieger dialogue and keep choosing hope amidst the mounting challenges of the present era.

The event was moderated by Miho Takada, SUA class of 2027, who welcomed attendees and reflected on the enduring legacy of “two extraordinary peace builders, Daisaku Ikeda and David Kriger.” Her remarks were followed by another warm welcome by SUA’s President Edward Feasel, who discussed the importance of the Krieger-Ikeda dialogue and its relevance to the ethos of SUA’s mission to create global citizens. President Feasel’s remarks were followed by presentations of the panelists: Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, President of NAPF; Professor Alexander Harang, Professor and Senior Research Fellow, Soka Institute for Global Solutions; Christian N. Ciobanu, Director of Policy and Advocacy at NAPF; Daiki Katsukawa, SUA student and NAPF/RTT Fall Intern; Marina Inoue, Student, Soka University of America. All panelists were joined together in their commitment to a better world and to continuing to move forward in the way that the Ikeda/Krieger dialogue implores us to. A lively Q&A followed the panel discussion.

You can read Dr. Hughes’s remarks HERE and watch the recording of the event HERE .

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Dr. Ivana Hughes (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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“Choose Hope” Panel at Soka University (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Professor Alexander Harang (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Choose Hope by Daisaku Ikeda and David Krieger (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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President Edward M. Feasel, Soka University of America (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Heritage Hall, Soka University of America.

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Christian Ciobanu, center. (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Lunch break with panelists and attendees!

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Daiki Katsukawa (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Left to Right: Christian Ciobanu, Marina Lenney, Dr. Ivana Hughes, Rob Laney

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Marina Inoue, center (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Audience view (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Lotus flower at Soka University

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Left to right: Daiki Katsukawa, Marina Inoue, Christian Ciobanu, Prof. Alexander Harang, Dr. Ivana Hughes (Photo by Lucas Ferreira).

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Left to Right: Prof. Alexander Harang, Dr. Ivana Hughes, Christian Ciobanu

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November 22, 2024