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  • The Forgotten Fallout: The Unacknowledged Costs Faced by Downwinders of the Nevada Test Site

    The Forgotten Fallout: The Unacknowledged Costs Faced by Downwinders of the Nevada Test Site

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    On June 7th, the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) expired. The Senate passed an expanded version of the act earlier this year, but the Speaker of the US House of Representatives failed to bring it to a vote. This failure marked a critical shift in the US’s outlook towards shouldering responsibility for the harms of the nuclear age, including from atomic testing in New Mexico and Nevada from 1945 to 1992. By not extending RECA, the US Government underscored a glaring shortcoming in the nation’s acknowledgment and assistance for the long-term impacts of nuclear testing. This decision provides an impetus for discussions of the broader consequences of nuclear testing conducted in the US, which have left irreversible scars on the land and its people.

    According to a 1997 press release from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), testing at the Nevada National Security Site, formerly known as the Nevada Test Site, exposed American children to 15-70 times more radiation than what the government had previously reported. This finding reflects the exponentially larger scale at which downwind communities, both near and far, were impacted by these tests on US soil. The radiation exposure resulted in a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, particularly in children, due to their higher consumption of milk. Cows grazed in radiation-contaminated pastures and as a result, their milk contained high concentrations of iodine-131 and strontium-90, radioactive isotopes that accumulate in the thyroid. This is one of many examples of how radiation fallout impacted those downwind from the tests.

    The health consequences of radiation exposure experienced by the downwind communities, either during the tests or due to environmental contamination over time, left lasting scars on entire communities that continue to affect individual’s well-being today. Many individuals witnessed multiple family members across different generations develop deadly cancers such as thyroid and lymphoma. In an interview for the KAWC in 2021, Laura Hanley, an attorney who processed RECA claims, despondently referred to the widespread cases of medical complications due to radiation exposure as “death mile.” Hanley was referring to the devastation of whole families and neighborhood communities. 

    In acknowledging the extreme physical and emotional burden of the health consequences of radiation exposure, it is important to recognize that these consequences have also led to adverse and less understood impacts on the economic well-being of these regions. While it is understood that the treatment of individuals in these regions furthered the financial insecurity of families who underwent treatment; what is less studied is how this impacted workforce capacity and thus the resulting economic vitality in these regions. In establishing a closer study of these economic consequences, progress can be made toward better acknowledging and more comprehensively shouldering the economic burden affected families face.

    It is important to note that any effort to study and effectively respond to the economic burden affected families face must also better acknowledge the mounting burden of direct financial costs associated with necessary medical treatment, which was unmatched by any financial coverage provided through RECA. Under RECA, individuals in certain counties downwind from the Nevada National Security Site were eligible for a one-time, lump sum of $50,000. However, beyond the fact that RECA is no longer in effect, its coverage did not shoulder most of the cost of healthcare treatments, especially for those who do not have health insurance.

    Principal Investigator of the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program (RESEP) Dr. Laura Shaw is one of many calling out this shortcoming of RECA and underscoring the need for more expansive coverage. In particular, Dr. Shaw highlights that the true costs of treatment for cancers developed as a result of radiation exposure amount to around $150,000. Her remarks are backed by the National Cancer Institute, which additionally notes that this cost only pertains to the treatment of one type of cancer when, in reality, many can face more than one cancer over their lifetimes. 

    The economic fallout from nuclear testing conducted in the US reflects the additional long-term financial strains imposed on downwinders, in addition to the physical and emotional detriment caused by radiation exposure. Establishing a comprehensive study of these socioeconomic impacts will provide an essential tool in forwarding a readoption and expansion of RECA to address the gaps in its coverage and the indirect long-term costs posed to affected communities.

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  • Expendable Lands and Colonial Legacies: Nuclear Testing in the Marshall Islands

    Expendable Lands and Colonial Legacies: Nuclear Testing in the Marshall Islands

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    Nuclear colonialism refers to the practice whereby colonial powers choose territories inhabited by marginalized and indigenous populations to conduct nuclear testing with little regard for the effects on the local populations. The term encapsulates the colonialist view of Indigenous peoples and their territories as expendable. This attitude of expendability is foundational to colonialism and its legacies; nuclear colonialism represents one particularly dramatic phase in a lengthy, destructive history and its perpetuating legacy.

    Beginning in 1945 and throughout the Cold War, over two thousand nuclear tests were conducted in various territories by various states, with the U.S. responsible for the majority of these tests. The U.S. Government’s process of selecting the Marshall Islands for nuclear testing reveals the colonialist attitudes that informed its decision. The search criteria required that the territory be remote, away from U.S. populations, and under U.S. control. When testifying to Congress, officials brazenly said of the site, “Above all, it had to be away from population centers of U.S. …  and yet in an area controlled by the U.S.” The Marshall Islands fulfilled every criterion: a remote island archipelago in the Pacific Ocean under U.S. occupation since 1944, following two years in which the U.S. military transformed the territory into a battlefield while driving out the Japanese military administration. The U.S. wasted no time in using the already ravaged islands for military ends: on July 1, 1946—less than a year after the devastating nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki—the first peacetime nuclear test was conducted on Bikini Atoll. Between 1946 and 1958, the U.S. conducted 66 additional nuclear tests on the islands concentrated on two atolls, but the fallout blanketed many of the other 27 atolls that make up the Marshall Islands.

    In 1947, the United Nations officially placed the Marshall Islands under the trusteeship of the U.S. The stipulations of this agreement included paradoxical obligations, spelled out in Articles 5 and 6 of the document. Article 5 obligated the U.S. to ensure the trust territory contributed to “the maintenance of international peace and security,” thus validating its use for military ends. Article 6, conversely, sets forth the obligations of the governing state to ensure and promote the governed territory’s independence, protection, and security. It explicitly states the obligation to “protect the inhabitants against the loss of their lands and resources.” While the agreement lacked explicit permission to use the territories for nuclear testing, both the broad administrative and military control it granted the U.S. and the narrative that the tests were imperative to national security justified the testing that took place. The known effects of nuclear testing meant that any nuclear explosions on the islands rendered the obligation from Article 6 impossible to uphold; in fact, any testing directly ensured the violation of the obligation. Not only have the Marshallese experienced devastating health consequences—including higher incidences of cancer—but significant radiological contamination remains on the islands, including in the locally grown foods, rendering parts of the Marshall Islands uninhabitable. This contamination robs displaced Marshallese people of the opportunity to safely inhabit their native lands and live according to their culture and tradition. Although certain compensation schemes have been set up over the last few decades, they remain egregiously inadequate to address the scale of the problem, including the devastating health impacts and the ongoing environmental challenges.  

    The Broader Context of U.S. Colonial Exploitation

    The willingness of the U.S. to exploit the Marshall Islands under nuclear colonialism is only one piece of a vast colonial legacy. Since the 19th century, the U.S. has continuously annexed territories under conditions that sanction their exploitation, as evidenced by the U.S.’s acquisition of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines following the conclusion of the Spanish-American war in 1898. Shortly following the annexation of these territories, U.S. senator Albert Beveridge remarked “that God ‘has made us the master organizers of the world…that we may administer…among savages and senile peoples.’” After acquiring these territories, the Supreme Court ruled that they would remain under U.S. control as unincorporated territories in the Insular Cases. This served to prevent the full realization of constitutional rights for the citizens of these territories. In keeping the territories unincorporated, the U.S. retained plenary power over these regions, enabling them to implement policies and decisions without the consent of the governed. The strategic classification of the territories as constitutional exceptions was informed by the settler colonization of Native American peoples and territories and made on the basis that the inhabitants—like Native Americans—were “unfit for automatic citizenship or for territorial sovereignty.” The colonialist attitudes that informed the decision to deprive these territories of constitutional protections paved the avenue for their exploitation. Like all other colonized territories, Puerto Rico draws remarkable parallels to the Marshall Islands. Puerto Ricans posed minimal resistance to U.S. control in 1898 under the impression that U.S. occupation would facilitate their independence. However, U.S. interest in Puerto Rico was strategic, fueled by the compelling economic and military value the territory would provide. The region was ideal for expanding U.S. commercial and military reach.

    In pursuit of these military and economic ends, the U.S. displaced Puerto Ricans, exploited their lands, and disrupted their ways of life. These actions have resulted in significant environmental damage and health issues, such as contamination of land and water sources, increased cancer rates, and other chronic illnesses among the local population. Today, the Marshall Islands and Puerto Rico remain hindered by their history of occupation. Both territories struggle to realize economic independence due to the systemic exploitation of their resources and people by colonial powers. Their ongoing economic challenges and public health crises result directly from the policies and actions of the U.S. and its failure to compensate the territories adequately.

    This history of exploitation and disregard for Indigenous and marginalized populations underscores the broader patterns of colonialism that persist in various forms. Nuclear colonialism, as illustrated by the U.S. actions in the Marshall Islands, is a stark reminder of how colonial legacies continue to inflict harm and maintain inequities. Nuclear testing is extraordinary in the novelty and nature of the weapons and their effects but very typical in terms of how former colonial powers treat smaller populations and territories under their control—as expendable.   

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  • NPT Side Event on Addressing the Legacy of Nuclear Weapons

    NPT Side Event on Addressing the Legacy of Nuclear Weapons

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    By Alei Rizvi and Christian Ciobanu

    On Tuesday, July 30, Kiribati, Kazakhstan, Austria, Marshall Islands, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, its youth initiative Reverse The Trend: Save Our People, Save Our Planet, and the Marshallese Educational Initiative convened an important side event on the legacy of nuclear weapons. This event examined the humanitarian provisions contained in the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and its connections to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. 

    Speakers included: Zhangeldy Syrymbet, Counsellor at the Mission of Kazakhstan; Ambassador Doreen deBrum of the Marshall Islands; Benetick Kabua Maddison, Executive Director of the Marshallese Educational Initiative;  Raphael Pangalangan, Human Rights Officer, Environment and Climate Change Unit Development, Economic and Social Rights Branch Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; H.E. Ambassador Alexander Kmentt, Director of the Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Department of the Austrian Foreign Ministry; and Christian N. Ciobanu, Policy and Advocacy Director of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, RTT Project Coordinator, and TPNW Advisor for the Mission of Kiribati. Brock Walker, NAPF/RTT Nuclear Justice Campaign Manager, moderated the event. 

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    As part of his opening remarks, Brock Walker highlighted the significance of Kiribati and Kazakhstan’s joint resolution. He explained that an overwhelming majority of states voted in favor of the resolution. He also shared his anecdote about growing up near a test site.

    Building upon Brock Walker’s remarks, Zhangeldy Syrymbet of Kazakhstan explained the need for the international community to support 2nd and 3rd generations of nuclear test victims. He explained that although nuclear testing occurred more than 30 years ago, generations are still experiencing the humanitarian and environmental impacts of nuclear weapons. He appealed to the international community to increase their attention to the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons.

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    Christian Ciobanu discusses the complementarity of Articles 6 and 7 of the TPNW.

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    Left to Right: Brock Walker, Zhangeldy Syrymbet, Benetick Kabua Maddison, H.E. Ambassador Doreen deBrum, Raphael Pangalangan, Ambassador Alexander Kmentt

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    Panelists discuss the importance of recognizing the impacts of nuclear testing and affected communities.

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    Benetick Kabua Maddison of the Marshallese Educational Initiative described the anguish and painful experiences of the Marshallese people. He explained that on a Sunday afternoon, a few months before the nuclear test, Com. Ben Wyatt, the military governor of the Marshall Islands, traveled to Bikini. He met with the Marshallese and asked if they would be willing to leave the atoll so that the United States could begin testing atomic bombs for “the good of mankind and to end all wars.” The people met and voted to go to Rongerik Island, as advised by the Navy. Juda, the leader of the Bikinian people, announced that they would go “believing that everything is in the hands of God.” Benetick expressed concern about the lack of medical and psychological resources provided by the U.S in the aftermath of their tests.

    Following Maddison’s remarks, H.E. Ambassador Doreen deBrum underscored the Marshall Islands’ concerns about the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. She called for a substantive discussion on Article 6 of the TPNW to clarify any misconceptions about the responsibilities of the affected states. She further emphasized that the user States must be held accountable for their actions. 

    Raphael Pangalangan supplemented this discussion by highlighting his work regarding the implementation of HRC Resolution 51/35 on the human rights implications of nuclear testing in the Marshall Islands which is to be presented at the 57th session of the Human Rights Council in September. He provided insight on the concept of transitional justice and how it is relevant for the intersection of human rights and nuclear disarmament at large. 

    Ambassador Kmentt continued the dialogue by recounting the relationship between the NPT, TPNW and Vienna Action Plan in respect to nuclear legacies. He underscored that although absent from NPT discourse prior to 2010, the 2010 Review Conference and the resulting action plan naturally culminated into the TPNW years later. He states that the TPNW was “instrumentally made possible by the testimonies of representatives of affected communities”.

    Finally, Christian Ciobanu examined Articles 6 and 7 of the TPNW from his nuanced perspective as both a long-term nuclear justice activist with NAPF and advisor for Kiribati. He asserts that these Articles create a strong framework of shared responsibility in dealing with the humanitarian and environmental impacts of nuclear weapons, insisting that both Articles should be read together as a complimentary framework. He also noted the sentiment of Pacific states in recognition of the role they must play to add their voice to the global effort to strengthen the norm against nuclear weapons, quoting their declaration from the Pacific Conference on the TPNW: “we are small, but we can have a big impact”.

    Before concluding the event, there was a substantial exchange of questions and comments between speakers and audience members.

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    Panelists outside the event room

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    Audience view of panel

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  • Podcast Alert! Dr. Ivana Hughes on Camp Gagnon

    Podcast Alert! Dr. Ivana Hughes on Camp Gagnon

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    Dr. Hughes interviewed with Mark Gagnon from the YouTube channel Camp Gargon about the threat nuclear weapons pose to our world. Please see below for full video.

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    TIMESTAMPS:
    00:00 Intro
    1:12 How close are we to nuclear war?
    5:09 We’re looking at the end of civilization
    15:39 What would trigger nuclear launches? Target list
    21:25 Nuclear deterrence logic isn’t infallible
    24:45 We only have 72 minutes
    32:54 Nuclear winter + Nagasaki/Hiroshima is child’s play compared to now
    39:17 Immediate impact of nuclear war in the US + Marshall Islands
    48:52 Where does the fallout go?
    53:15 Who are the other nuclear powers? Dismantling weapons
    57:57 De-nuclearization + No-First Use treaty
    1:04:31 Hair-trigger v separation of heads from ICBMs
    1:06:26 1980s – decade of denuclearization
    1:13:36 Tremendous waste + continued testing Marshall Islands
    1:15:33 Who survives? Coming out of the stone age again
    1:21:43 MAD + rogue leader + North Korea’s ability
    1:29:31 Modernizing nukes + we use nukes every day
    1:33:34 North Korea + Iran arming + proliferation
    1:37:55 Nuclear winter + how did other countries catch up?
    1:44:58 The H-bomb + Where do you get Uranium?
    1:53:30 Close call incidents + launch on warning
    2:04:15 Cuban Missile Crisis + JFK’s march to peace signed his death warrant
    2:18:36 Can we ever fully Denuclearize? What needs to happen?
    2:37:02 Doomsday bunkers + celebrity influence
    2:43:26 Women’s role in denuclearization + resources

    [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

  • Youth Statement to the NPT Preparatory Committee

    Youth Statement to the NPT Preparatory Committee

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    On July 23, 2024, Bobby Verhey and Pranathi Chintalapudi delivered a statement on behalf of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation and its youth initiative, Reverse the Trend, at the NGO session of the NPT Preparatory Committee to the 11th Review Conference. See below for the full video, the article published by Common Dreams, and the full text of the statement.

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    Honorable Chair and Distinguished Delegates,

    We are ninety seconds to midnight. A handful of increasingly belligerent leaders threaten the total annihilation of our world. At the same time, our leaders tell us the fallacy of nuclear deterrence. We teeter on the edge of wiping out our history and our cultures. As youth, we are the ones who will inherit this world: A world afflicted with perpetual conflicts, climate crises, and nuclear threats. Therefore, we call upon our leaders to hear us and act. We must work together.

    The NPT represents a grand bargain: the Non-Nuclear-Armed States agreed not to acquire nuclear weapons and, in exchange, the Nuclear-Armed States agreed to negotiate in “good faith” toward nuclear disarmament. Unfortunately, all nine Nuclear-Armed States are modernizing their arsenals. This failure of nuclear-armed states to adhere to Article VI obligations disregards our past and threatens our future.

    Honorable Chair and Distinguished Delegates,

    We are approaching 80 years since the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In Hiroshima, atomic bombs killed 140,000 people by the end of 1945, and another 70,000 people died in Nagasaki. The resulting cancers and radiation-related illnesses killed many more in the decades that followed.

    As the last generation to hear the firsthand accounts of the Hibakusha, we must heed their warnings — their lived reality mobilizes us to work toward the abolition of nuclear weapons.

    We cannot achieve a nuclear-weapon-free world without nuclear justice—not only for Hibakusha, but also for the Indigenous people of Australia, French-occupied Polynesia, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, the Southwest United States, and many other unconsenting communities devastated by nuclear testing. The ramifications of 20th century weapons use are still felt today. We demand restorative, procedural, and distributive action that centers environmental remediation and victims assistance for nuclear-affected communities, who have historically and disproportionately been Indigenous Peoples and other marginalized communities. Nuclear-armed states are directly accountable for the ongoing devastation of affected communities.

    Coupled with disproportionate health effects on women, these tests perpetuate the legacies of colonialism and gender inequality. The ongoing consequences of nuclear testing are a dire warning of what our future could be.

    A single modern nuclear weapon, which can be thousands of times more powerful than those dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, detonated over a major city would create an unparalleled humanitarian catastrophe, with hundreds of thousands immediately vaporized and many more left with complex injuries, crumbling infrastructure, and no access to medical care. A nuclear war using less than 3% of the world’s nuclear weapons could kill up to every 3rd person on earth.

    Despite this looming Armageddon, all nine Nuclear-armed states are modernizing and increasing their arsenals, for a total sum of $91.8 billion US Dollars in 2023 alone. This wasteful spending, which would be better spent on clean energy solutions, healthcare, education, and more, is stealing from our generation.

    Honorable Chair and Distinguished Delegates,

    We face a dual threat of nuclear war and the climate crisis. When states use these weapons, including in tests, the surrounding environment is bathed in high levels of radiation–degrading land and water, poisoning communities’ traditional food sources, and destroying entire ecosystems. While remediation efforts are essential, these efforts do not negate the harm caused to the lives of these communities and their environments. The effects of testing emphasize the need for everyone to remember that we can not have one more nuclear explosion. Not now, not ever.

    Let us be clear, as we make strides toward addressing climate change, leaving potential for nuclear war is a mistake that would undermine these efforts. We can only save the world if there is a world left to save.

    Honorable Chair and Distinguished Delegates,

    In light of the catastrophic humanitarian impacts of nuclear weapons and the recent heightened risk of nuclear war, we must act. We urge all NPT States Parties to take the following five actions:

    1. Join the TPNW at the earliest date possible to fulfill your Article VI obligations and ensure global security, prevent humanitarian and environmental catastrophes, and promote international stability.
    2. Actively support, protect, and participate in the Middle East WMD Free Zone annual conferences, recognizing that disarmament in the Middle East has already begun, in full alignment with the 1995 Resolution that indefinitely extended the NPT.
    3. Center the voices of victims and survivors by committing to nuclear justice. This can be done by involving affected communities in all decision-making regarding environmental remediation and victims assistance, as well as supporting the International Trust Fund under the framework of the TPNW.
    4. Acknowledge the interconnected threats of nuclear weapons and climate change, and pursue disarmament as an essential part of fighting the climate crisis.
    5. Involve young people—especially women and other marginalized communities—in decision-making on nuclear disarmament to harness their perspectives, which are essential for a sustainable and equitable future. Thus, states must support youth campaigns like the UN ODA’s Not One Nuclear Explosion and include a 20% youth composition in Member States’ delegations and relevant working groups.

    We assert our right to shape the future we inherit and to create a just and sustainable world, free from the threat of nuclear weapons. We implore you to take immediate action and work with us to safeguard our shared humanity and the future of our planet.

    It is either the end of nuclear weapons, or the end of life as we know it. We demand that you stand with us, the inheritors of the world being created in this room today, and disarm.

    Thank you.

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    Speakers:

    Bobby Verhey, Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF)
    Pranathi Chintalapudi, Reverse the Trend: Save Our People, Save Our Planet (RTT)

    Endorsements (listed in alphabetical order):
    Association Katawara
    Bill Kidd MSP
    Disarmament Doves
    ICAN Australia
    International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War’s Medical Student Movement
    Marshallese Educational Initiative
    Nuclear Age Peace Foundation
    Proposition One Committee
    Reverse The Trend: Save Our People, Save Our Planet
    Soka Gakkai International
    Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, U.S. Section World BEYOND War
    Yerdaulet Rakhmatulla
    Youth for TPNW
    Yuki Nakajima

    [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

  • NPT Side Event on Youth Perspectives

    NPT Side Event on Youth Perspectives

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    On July 23, the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF) and its youth initiative, Reverse the Trend (RTT), hosted an evening side event at the Geneva Institute, “Youth Perspectives on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons.” Speakers at this event included H.E. Ambassador Akan Rakhmetullin, Chair of the NPT PrepCom; H.E. Ambassador Teburoro Tito of Kiribati; Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, President of NAPF; Veronique Christory, Senior Advisor of ICRC; Benetick Kabua Maddison, Executive Director of MEI; Aigerim Seitenova, Project Manager, Centre for Feminist Foreign Policy (CFFP); Christian Ciobanu, NAPF Policy and Advocacy Director, RTT Project Coordinator, and TPNW Advisor to the Republic of Kiribati; Brock Walker, NAPF Research Fellow and Outreach Coordinator. The event was moderated by Stella Rose, youth advisor for Reverse the Trend, and Sara Ferrari, from the Human Rights, Conflict, & Peace Student Initiative at the Geneva Institute. 

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    Stella Rose opened the panel by speaking on her personal involvement with Reverse the Trend, the youth initiative of the NAPF. She emphasized the crucial role of young people in initiating change, as they are key stakeholders in a bright and sustainable future, unburdened by the risk of nuclear weapons and their devastating humanitarian consequences. Rose passionately urged the youth to continue to seek opportunities to effect change and take pride in participating in movements dedicated to nuclear abolition and nuclear justice. 

    Sara Ferrari also opened the event as a co-sponsor and representative of  the Human Rights, Conflict, & Peace Student Initiative. She addressed the focus of the event, nuclear disarmament, emphasizing the importance of fostering dialogue and bridging generational gaps. Ferrari highlighted the potential of collaborative efforts between experts and youth to create a platform that educates and inspires action. She emphasized the pressing issue of nuclear weapons violating human rights and posing a significant threat to global peace. Like Rose, Ferrari stressed the necessity of youth voices and their responsibility as future leaders within this field, advocating for change through commitment to education and advocacy.

    H.E. Ambassador Akan Rakhmetullin, Chair of the NPT PrepCom, opened the discussion with hopeful and inspiring remarks about the active youth at the conference. He emphasized the significance of activism, especially for today’s youth facing threats like climate change and nuclear war. Sharing a personal anecdote from his youth in Semipalatinsk, where Soviet nuclear tests were misleadingly presented as protective, Rakhmetullin highlighted Kazakhstan’s suffering from these tests. He concluded by expressing support for the TPNW and all who work to make this treaty a reality.

    H.E. Ambassador Teburoro Tito of Kiribati recounted the devastation of nuclear testing on the Pacific islands, questioning if the world has learned from WWII as nations still use weapons to instill fear. He pledged to inspire his colleagues to work harder to make today’s youth proud. 

    Veronique Christory shared her background in nuclear disarmament, expressing gratitude for living her aspirations. She emphasized the vital role of youth engagement in addressing the complexities of nuclear disarmament and peace. Underscoring the importance of media, she notes the impact of the ICRC’s video on nuclear weapons, which has raised awareness and fear of their use. Christory called for an end to the normalization of nuclear weapons, stressing their existence as the biggest threat. Additionally, she pointed out the gender-specific impact of nuclear radiation on women and girls, resulting in disproportionate cancers and other health effects. Concluding her speech, Christory advocated for more female perspectives in discussions and urged youth involvement to strengthen the implementation of the TPNW, especially as influential activists and survivors of nuclear bombings age.

    Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, President of NAPF, discussed her background from being a student to being a professor of science and her current role at NAPF. She spoke on the crucial role scientists play in the nuclear abolition movement, emphasizing that the TPNW is the best and only hope for a world free of nuclear weapons. Hughes identified two key areas of scientific research vital for advancing the TPNW: developing verification methods to ensure countries honor their commitments to eliminate nuclear weapons and achieving collective nuclear justice for those affected by nuclear testing and use, through victim assistance and environmental remediation. 

    Benetick Kabua Maddison, raised awareness about the devastating biological and ecological consequences of nuclear testing on the Marshall Islands. He discussed the U.S. testing that led to the displacement and starvation of indigenous communities and how today, Marshallese voices are often excluded from crucial discussions. Maddison, whose grandparents died from diseases linked to radiation exposure, highlighted the personal and emotional toll of nuclear testing, ongoing contamination in the Pacific Ocean, and the climate crisis. He concluded that achieving a nuclear-free world is not just about treaties, but also acknowledging people’s stories.

    Aigerim Seitenova, a third-generation survivor of Soviet nuclear testing in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, dedicated her speech to her family. She shared the severe health impacts her family endured due to the testing, including the deaths of her grandparents and uncle, and a genetic condition that nearly ended her life at agre three. Seitenova emphasized the importance of nuclear frontline community resistance and our responsibility to create a peaceful world, free of nuclear weapons.

    Brock Walker shared his perspective on nuclear justice as a native of Las Vegas, Nevada, located 60 miles south of the Nevada Test Site. He emphasized the severe health and humanitarian impacts on communities like the Western Shoshone, including increased sickness and cancer rates worsened by limited healthcare access. Walker highlighted the colonial legacy of nuclear testing and the US government’s refusal to address these health impacts, similar to other nuclear-armed nations. He discussed his role in launching the nuclear justice campaign, urging young people to prevent future nuclear testing, especially as nuclear powers threaten to resume testing and continue to deny their impact on indigenous communities.

    Christian Ciobanu concluded the panel by discussing RTT’s recent nuclear justice campaign. He highlighted the active involvement of RTT interns with diplomats and NAPF President Dr. Hughes on this campaign. Ciobanu emphasized the lack of transparency regarding environmental contamination in affected communities and praised Kiribati’s efforts at the NPT PrepCom and the TPNW’s groundbreaking humanitarian provisions. He also mentioned current projects focused on sharing youth perspectives at the next TPNW meeting.

    During the Q&A session, the audience engaged with all of the panelists, inquiring about educational initiatives and exploring ways in which non-nuclear weapon states can participate in disarmament efforts despite their support for nuclear weapons.

    We are very grateful to all of our panelists and attendees for coming to our event to speak on such an important topic and share their personal experiences and stories. 

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  • NPT Side Event on Nuclear Abolition

    NPT Side Event on Nuclear Abolition

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    The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation (NAPF) and its youth initiative, Reverse the Trend, held a side event on nuclear abolition at the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Preparatory Committee to the 11th NPT Review Conference, Second Session, on the conference’s opening day, July 22, 2024. Speakers at the side event included Ambassador Teburoro Tito, the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Kiribati to the UN; Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, President of NAPF; Jean-Marie Collin, Director of ICAN France; and Madison Kim and Talia Wilcox, NAPF Interns. The event was moderated by Kenneth Chiu, NAPF’s Communications and Media Coordinator.

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    Chiu opened the panel by invoking NAPF’s mission, since 1982, to educate and advocate for a just and peaceful world, one that is free of nuclear weapons. He reminded the audience that we live in a very different world than the one that NAPF’s founders were facing in 1982. While there is much to be concerned about with respect to the current securities environment, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) also makes a world free of nuclear weapons much more realistic than it may have seemed in 1982.

    Ambassador Tito spoke about his country’s commitment to the TPNW, including Republic of Kiribati’s partnership with the Republic of Kazakhstan as Co-Chairs of the Informal Working Group on the treaty’s Articles 6 and 7. As two of the States affected by the legacy of nuclear testing, Kiribati and Kazakhstan have been committed to the issue of nuclear justice and to bringing it more prominently into the NPT environment and the UN General Assembly through a resolution, tabled in 2023, to address this devastating legacy.

    Dr. Nikolić Hughes discussed some of the reasons why a world free of nuclear weapons is not just desirable, but an existential matter. She spoke about the lessons from Japan, where the experience of hibakusha – the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki – suggests that radiation impacts us differently (work of Mary Olson showing that age at the time of radiation exposure and gender have a profound impact on the effect of cancer development later in life, with women more affected than men), the lessons from the nuclear testing era (including remaining contamination in the Marshall Islands, decades after the testing ended), and unimaginable consequence of nuclear war today, which would cause nuclear winter, nuclear famine, and billions of deaths around the globe.

    Collin spoke about the nuclear legacy of French Polynesia or Mā’ohi Nui, where France tested nuclear weapons from 1966 until 1998. He discussed the current status of the French compensation law for victims of nuclear testing. An estimated 200,000 people were exposed to radiation as a result of the testing in French Polynesia, and yet, less than 3000 have submitted application for compensation since the law was put into place in 2010. Collin also spoke about the progress made in the French Polynesia Parliament through the unanimous adoption of a resolution, put forth by the MP Hinamoeura Morgant-Cross, in support of the TPNW.

    Kim and Wilcox shared with the audience a new set of resources on the NAPF website that center on the many reasons for nuclear abolition, including a nuclear testing resource page and a humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons page. Walking the audience through their process and the actual pages, the NAPF interns showcased their amazing progress in creating resources that will be interesting and valuable for audiences ranging from students to experts. Their presentation highlighted NAPF’s commitment to education – both the education of young people involved directly with the organization, as well as the education of the general public across the globe through this very website.

    The Q&A portion of the event provided an opportunity for the audience to interact with the panelists and discuss approaches to sharing of information both when it comes to governments that may keep some data secret, as well as the engagement of the general public and not making these issues off-putting by seeming so scary hopeless.

    We are pleased to have hosted such a meaningful event and are grateful to all of the panelists and attendees for their participation.

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  • Honor the Victims of the Nuclear Age by Bringing It to an End

    Honor the Victims of the Nuclear Age by Bringing It to an End

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    On July 23, 2024, NAPF President, Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, delivered a statement at the NGO session of the NPT Preparatory Committee to the 11th Review Conference. See below for the full video, the article published by Common Dreams, and the full text of the statement.

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    My name is Ivana Nikolić Hughes and I am speaking today on behalf of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.

    Honorable Chair and Distinguished Delegates,

    The NPT States parties are meeting for a third year in a row in the shadow of the devastating war in Ukraine, which has taken hundreds of thousands of lives, destroyed key infrastructure in Ukraine and elsewhere, and turned friends and family members into enemies. In the past ten months, the attack on Israel and the war in Gaza have shattered all who have dared to confront the enormous civilian toll, the ongoing justifications of violations of international humanitarian law, and the divisiveness that the conflict has brought to environments from university campuses to the halls of the United Nations.

    The human suffering we witness on repeat is unfathomable, and yet, the fact that both of these conflicts involve – directly and indirectly – States that possess nuclear weapons is a stark reminder that things could be far worse. Whether deliberately, as has been threatened by Russian and Israeli politicians, or by accident, and especially if the current conflicts widen to regional wars, the use of nuclear weapons is a possibility that cannot be ruled out. This is so as long as nuclear weapons exist, and most especially as long as current policies not only allow but call for their instantaneous use to defend interests of nation States.

    Taking nuclear disarmament seriously is not only an existential imperative at this very moment, but an obligation of all States Parties to the NPT. The Nuclear-Weapon States, China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States, have a special responsibility. According to Article 6 of this treaty, they are mandated to negotiate in good faith towards nuclear disarmament, something that they have ostensibly not been doing. This must change.

    All other NPT States Parties must move away from threats of nuclear annihilation as a strategy for conducting international affairs. The stationing of US and Russian weapons in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Türkiye in the case of the US and Belarus in the case of Russia must end imminently.  So must the so-called nuclear umbrella promise. Nuclear weapons don’t make anyone safer – they put all of us, all of humanity, and all of life on the planet at risk of extinction. To state that this is unacceptable is to state the obvious.

    What should be done?

    2045 will mark the 100th anniversary of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, of the end of World War II, and of the founding of the United Nations. The Nuclear-Weapon States should use this and next year’s Preparatory Committee to chart a path that includes signing and ratifying the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in conjunction with the other four nuclear weapon possessors: India, Israel, North Korea, and Pakistan. Doing so by 2035 would allocate ten years to make history. Once all possessors have ratified the TPNW, all nuclear weapons should be eliminated by 2045.

    As we look towards a future in which nuclear weapons are abolished, eliminated, and no longer threaten to extinguish human civilization, we also must look to the past and present in order to address the suffering of communities that were impacted by nuclear weapons use and testing. The NPT States Parties can no longer pretend that the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were a necessary evil and sweep the nuclear testing era under a pile of rugs. The evidence of harm is all too real, and the scars are more than visible.

    In Algeria, the radioactive equipment from the French nuclear testing program remains buried in the Saharan sands. In the Marshall Islands, the food on the famous Bikini Island, after which the swimsuit was named, still brims with cesium-137 left over from US nuclear testing. On Kiritimati Island in Kiribati, the local population has yet to receive an acknowledgment and assistance for harms done by the UK and the US during their nuclear weapon testing programs. And in Kazakhstan, too many of the victims of the Soviet nuclear testing program need far more help than they have received so far. This is despite the earnest efforts of the Kazakhstan government, which has taken serious steps towards environmental remediation and victim assistance in the affected region. The stories go on and on and circle the globe.

    The States responsible for these heinous acts must begin by issuing an apology. Next, they should come together with the international community to right these historical wrongs and to promise never to commit such crimes ever again.

    Here too, the TPNW paves the way forward through its humanitarian provisions, spelled out in Articles 6 and 7. We furthermore call on all States, including the nine that abstained or voted last December against the resolution in the UN General Assembly to address the legacy of nuclear testing; the resolution provides an opportunity for a wide-reaching conversation about nuclear justice, which has been elusive for far too many and for far too long. Every state must come to the nuclear justice table.

    Honorable Chair,

    There is work to be done. Statements and gatherings must be followed by real action and by concrete and time-bound steps.

    We must honor the victims of the nuclear age by bringing about its end and by helping them earnestly and wholeheartedly. But beyond these tasks, we must recommit to the promise of the UN Charter where States address their differences through negotiations, engage in peaceful cooperation and competition, and reject all threats, including those of nuclear Armageddon, as not just an enormous risk to humanity, but as an insult to our humanity. We must be better than that.

    The work and ideas of Mozart, Gandhi, Mandela, Parks, Franklin, Allende, and so many others blaze the path forward. This path does not include nuclear weapons.

    Thank you, Mr. Chair.

    [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

  • NAPF Statement to the NPT Preparatory Committee

    NAPF Statement to the NPT Preparatory Committee

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    On July 23, 2024, NAPF President, Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, delivered a statement at the NGO session of the NPT Preparatory Committee to the 11th Review Conference. See below for the full video, the article published by Common Dreams, and the full text of the statement.

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    My name is Ivana Nikolić Hughes and I am speaking today on behalf of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.

    Honorable Chair and Distinguished Delegates,

    The NPT States parties are meeting for a third year in a row in the shadow of the devastating war in Ukraine, which has taken hundreds of thousands of lives, destroyed key infrastructure in Ukraine and elsewhere, and turned friends and family members into enemies. In the past ten months, the attack on Israel and the war in Gaza have shattered all who have dared to confront the enormous civilian toll, the ongoing justifications of violations of international humanitarian law, and the divisiveness that the conflict has brought to environments from university campuses to the halls of the United Nations.

    The human suffering we witness on repeat is unfathomable, and yet, the fact that both of these conflicts involve – directly and indirectly – States that possess nuclear weapons is a stark reminder that things could be far worse. Whether deliberately, as has been threatened by Russian and Israeli politicians, or by accident, and especially if the current conflicts widen to regional wars, the use of nuclear weapons is a possibility that cannot be ruled out. This is so as long as nuclear weapons exist, and most especially as long as current policies not only allow but call for their instantaneous use to defend interests of nation States.

    Taking nuclear disarmament seriously is not only an existential imperative at this very moment, but an obligation of all States Parties to the NPT. The Nuclear-Weapon States, China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States, have a special responsibility. According to Article 6 of this treaty, they are mandated to negotiate in good faith towards nuclear disarmament, something that they have ostensibly not been doing. This must change.

    All other NPT States Parties must move away from threats of nuclear annihilation as a strategy for conducting international affairs. The stationing of US and Russian weapons in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Türkiye in the case of the US and Belarus in the case of Russia must end imminently.  So must the so-called nuclear umbrella promise. Nuclear weapons don’t make anyone safer – they put all of us, all of humanity, and all of life on the planet at risk of extinction. To state that this is unacceptable is to state the obvious.

    What should be done?

    2045 will mark the 100th anniversary of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, of the end of World War II, and of the founding of the United Nations. The Nuclear-Weapon States should use this and next year’s Preparatory Committee to chart a path that includes signing and ratifying the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in conjunction with the other four nuclear weapon possessors: India, Israel, North Korea, and Pakistan. Doing so by 2035 would allocate ten years to make history. Once all possessors have ratified the TPNW, all nuclear weapons should be eliminated by 2045.

    As we look towards a future in which nuclear weapons are abolished, eliminated, and no longer threaten to extinguish human civilization, we also must look to the past and present in order to address the suffering of communities that were impacted by nuclear weapons use and testing. The NPT States Parties can no longer pretend that the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were a necessary evil and sweep the nuclear testing era under a pile of rugs. The evidence of harm is all too real, and the scars are more than visible.

    In Algeria, the radioactive equipment from the French nuclear testing program remains buried in the Saharan sands. In the Marshall Islands, the food on the famous Bikini Island, after which the swimsuit was named, still brims with cesium-137 left over from US nuclear testing. On Kiritimati Island in Kiribati, the local population has yet to receive an acknowledgment and assistance for harms done by the UK and the US during their nuclear weapon testing programs. And in Kazakhstan, too many of the victims of the Soviet nuclear testing program need far more help than they have received so far. This is despite the earnest efforts of the Kazakhstan government, which has taken serious steps towards environmental remediation and victim assistance in the affected region. The stories go on and on and circle the globe.

    The States responsible for these heinous acts must begin by issuing an apology. Next, they should come together with the international community to right these historical wrongs and to promise never to commit such crimes ever again.

    Here too, the TPNW paves the way forward through its humanitarian provisions, spelled out in Articles 6 and 7. We furthermore call on all States, including the nine that abstained or voted last December against the resolution in the UN General Assembly to address the legacy of nuclear testing; the resolution provides an opportunity for a wide-reaching conversation about nuclear justice, which has been elusive for far too many and for far too long. Every state must come to the nuclear justice table.

    Honorable Chair,

    There is work to be done. Statements and gatherings must be followed by real action and by concrete and time-bound steps.

    We must honor the victims of the nuclear age by bringing about its end and by helping them earnestly and wholeheartedly. But beyond these tasks, we must recommit to the promise of the UN Charter where States address their differences through negotiations, engage in peaceful cooperation and competition, and reject all threats, including those of nuclear Armageddon, as not just an enormous risk to humanity, but as an insult to our humanity. We must be better than that.

    The work and ideas of Mozart, Gandhi, Mandela, Parks, Franklin, Allende, and so many others blaze the path forward. This path does not include nuclear weapons.

    Thank you, Mr. Chair.

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  • 30th Annual International Peace Symposium in Nagasaki

    30th Annual International Peace Symposium in Nagasaki

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    On July 27, 2024, Dr. Ivana Nikolić Hughes, President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, will deliver the keynote address at the Annual International Peace Symposium, which will take place at the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum. Founded in 1995 and now in its 30th year, the Peace Symposium brings together Japanese and outside experts with atomic bomb survivors and activists to not only remember the atomic bombings each and every year, but to imagine a world without nuclear weapons – the only guarantee that such atrocities will never happen again.

    The symposium is organized by Asahi Shimbun, one of five largest Japanese papers. For the article about the symposium in Asahi Shimbun, please visit HERE.

    In addition to Dr. Hughes’s keynote address, the symposium will include two panels where participants will discuss contemporary challenges to nuclear abolition and the plight of the global hibakusha – survivors of nuclear testing from around the world. In addition to being the 30th symposium year, this year also marks the 70th anniversary of the Bravo hydrogen bomb test in the Marshall Islands. The Bravo test represents a particularly dark moment in the history of the nuclear age, when many innocent Marshallese people were exposed to large amounts of radiation, which has led to decades of suffering, displacement, and devastating health outcomes in communities throughout the Marshall Islands. In addition, a small group of Japanese fishermen was exposed to deadly fallout from the test, leading to the death of one of them just months later. The event sparked an awakening in the Japanese public to the dangers of atomic and hydrogen bombs, leading to decades of anti-nuclear weapons activism in Japan, which continues to this day.

    For more event details, visit HERE.

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    International Peace Symposium 2024 The Road to the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons ~Overcoming Nuclear Threats and Diversity~ [Saturday, July 27]

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    “It has been 79 years since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This year’s International Peace Symposium, which began in 1995 and is now in its 30th year, will also focus on the “global hibakusha” caused by nuclear tests during the Cold War. With countless lives being sacrificed in the wars in Gaza Strip and Ukraine, and the threat of the use of nuclear weapons cannot be erased, we will consider the path to the abolition of nuclear weapons together with domestic and foreign experts, atomic bomb survivors, and people working to pass on the atomic bomb experience.” – Asahi Shimbun

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